a Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA c Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA d Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA e Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laborato...

The spatiotemporal dynamics of vertical autocatalytic fronts traveling horizontally in thin solution layers closed to the air can be influenced by buoyancy-driven convection induced by density gradients across the front. We perform here a combined experimental and theoretical study of the competition between solutal and thermal effects on such convection. Experimentally, we focus on the antagon...

Chlorine oxyanions are valuable electron acceptors for microorganisms. Recent findings have shed light on the natural formation of chlorine oxyanions in the environment. These suggest a permanent introduction of respective compounds on Earth, long before their anthropogenic manufacture. Microorganisms that are able to grow by the reduction of chlorate and perchlorate are affiliated with phyloge...

The chlorite dismutases (Clds) degrade ClO(2)(-) to O(2) and Cl(-) in perchlorate respiring bacteria, and they serve still poorly defined cellular roles in other diverse microbes. These proteins share 3 highly conserved Trp residues, W155, W156, and W227, on the proximal side of the heme. The Cld from Dechloromonas aromatica (DaCld) has been shown to form protein-based radicals in its reactions...

-Activity expressions are presented for a six end-member, regular solution, site-mixing model for chlorites. The end members are ideal 14-/~ chlorites for which experimental stability data are lacking. Estimates were made of the standard state 25~ and 1 bar molar 3rd law entropies, volumes, and the Maier-Kelley heat capacity coefficients. Experimental stability data from the literature for 14-A...

Precise spatio-temporal organization of chemical, hydrodynamic, and mechanical processes is typical for biological systems where particular chemical reactions have to accrue in precisely assignment place and time. It is rarely studied and observed in chemical systems. We report unusual precipitation pattern formation of PbSO(4) in chemical media (Pb(2+)-Chlorite-Thiourea System). We have found ...

Autocatalytic reactions may propagate as solitary waves, namely, at a constant front velocity and with a stationary concentration profile, resulting from a balance between molecular diffusion and chemical reaction. When the reaction is exothermic, a thermal wave is linked to the chemical front. As the thermal diffusivity is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than the molecular one, the tempe...

jian cu deposit is hosted by surian volcano-sedimentary complex of permo-triassic age on the eastern edge of the sanandaj-sirjan metamorphic zone at a distance of 195 km from shiraz, southwestern iran. the complex consists mainly of metabasalt, chlorite-quartz schist, chlorite-muscovite schist, mica schist and graphite schist. pyrite is the most important sulfide and chalcopyrite is the major c...