A peak in childhood leukemia, ages two through four, emerged de novo in the 1920s in the United Kingdom and slightly later in the United States (US). Electrification in US farm and rural areas lagged behind urban areas until 1956. In recent years, childhood leukemia has been associated with residential electromagnetic fields. During 1928-1932, in states with above 75% of residences served by el...

BACKGROUND Dairy consumption in childhood may have long-term effects on cardiovascular mortality through influencing the development of risk factors or programming effects. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dairy and calcium consumption in childhood is associated with adult mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and all causes. METHODS In 1937-9, 4999 children in England and S...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING 16 rural and urban centres in England and Scotland. SUBJECTS 3834 people who took part in Lord Boyd Orr's Carnegie survey of family diet and health in prewar Britain between 1937 and 1939 who were followed up with the NHS, central register. Standardised ...

BACKGROUND Most Romani groups in Europe have experienced a decline in childhood mortality during recent decades. These crucial transformations are rarely addressed in research or public policy. OBJECTIVE This paper analyzes the timing and structure of the decline of childhood mortality among the Gitano people of Spain. METHODS The paper is based on the family and genealogy reconstitution of the...

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) population consists of about 45% children, while in Europe and North America children population is 10-15%. Lately, attention has been directed at mitigating childhood infectious and communicable diseases to reduce under-five mortality. As the under-five mortality index in Sub-Saharan Africa has relatively improved over the last two decades, more Sub-Saharan African ch...