Hierarchical models are characterized by having N living states connected by N - 1 rates of transfer. Demographic measures for such models can be calculated directly from counts of the number of persons in each state at two nearby points in time. Exploiting the ability of population stocks to determine the flows in hierarchical models expands the range of demographic analysis. The value of such...

BACKGROUND Pregnancy in adolescence tends to repeat over generations. This event has been little studied in middle and low-income societies undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition. To assess this association it is important to adjust for socioeconomic conditions at different points in lifetime. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the independent effect of adolescent childbearin...

A lifeworld hermeneutic approach was used in order to understand Swedish women's thoughts on childbearing. Nine women were interviewed, and they ranged in age from 22 to 28 years and represented diverse socioeconomic, educational, sexual, and fertility backgrounds. All women were similar in that they lacked experience of giving birth and parenthood. The analysis showed that childbearing include...

This paper examines the demographic trend in Korea focusing on the period since 1985. It is suggested that the change in fertility and mortality is the main driving force for the aging structure of population. The continuing decline of fertility below the replacement rate is accompanied by the changes in the various aspects of fertility including the delay in marriage and childbearing, an incre...

INTRODUCTION American Indian women often have poor perinatal outcomes and are at risk for early childbearing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experience and meaning of early childbearing among American Indian women. METHODS Employing interpretive phenomenology and a semistructured interview guide, we interviewed 30 adult American Indian women residing in a northwes...

pre-marriage couples` fertility attitude following recent childbearing persuasive policies in iran farrokh-eslamlou hr , vahabzadeh z *, moeini sr ,moghaddam tabrizi f received: 5 sep , 2013 accepted: 16 nov , 2013 abstract background & aims: following a phenomenal fertility decline during recent two decades in iran, the childbearing persuasive policy has been implemented. the goals of this stu...

Background & aim: Iranian policymakers have recently shifted away from a birth control towards a pro-fertility policies. In this regard, it is indispensable to recognize the determinants of childbearing willingness to evaluate the influence of these policies on certain target groups. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to find determinants of childbea...

We use data from the earlier and later cohorts of the NLSY to estimate the effect of marriage and childbearing on wages. Our estimates imply that marriage lowers female wages 2-4 percent in the year of marriage. Marriage also lowers the wage growth of men and women by about two and four percentage points, respectively. A first birth lowers female wages 2-3 percent, but has no effect on wage gro...