In two experiments, 3- and 4-year-olds were tested for their sensitivity to agreement and disagreement among informants. In pretest trials, they watched as three of four informants (Experiment 1) or two of three informants (Experiment 2) indicated the same referent for an unfamiliar label; the remaining informant was a lone dissenter who indicated a different referent. Asked for their own judgm...

The current study evaluated the relative roles of conceptual knowledge and executive control on the development of categorical flexibility, the ability to switch between simultaneously available but conflicting categorical representations of an object. Experiment 1 assessed conceptual knowledge and executive control together; Experiment 2 differentiated conceptual knowledge from costly executiv...

We examined the joint role of constructive and destructive interparental conflict in predicting children’s emotional insecurity and psychological problems. In Study 1, 250 early adolescents (M = 12.6 years) and their primary caregivers completed assessments of family and child functioning. In Study 2, 201 mothers and their two-year old children participated in a multi-method, longitudinal desig...

the aim of this study was to compare marital satisfaction between parents of children with attention deficit hyper activity disorder (adhd) and parents of normal children.in this study we have selected 400 parents (200 parents of children with adhd and 200 parents of normal children), whose children age range was 6-18 years. data were collected using enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, k...

The Children Act 1989 gave priority to the welfare of children when family courts make orders for residence and contact. As a consequence, other issues came to be viewed as less significant. In this article, we examine the court records of three County Courts to determine to what extent the disputes that parents bring to court are actually about children (seen as legitimate concerns) as opposed...

When preschoolers are presented with a label for an entity that conflicts with its appearance, they sometimes rely on the new label rather than on the entity's appearance to categorize the entity and to infer its properties. We examined whether children's learning from such claims is short-lived or long-lasting and whether the persistence of their learning depends on the degree of fit between t...

A TEXTBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. By D. 0. Hebb. Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Co., 1958. 276 pp. $4.50. The large and heterogeneous collection of books written over the past fifteen years for the first course in psychology can be fitted rather loosely into two categories-the encyclopedic and the systematic. At their worst, the "encyclopedic" text is merely sprawling and the "systematic" mere...

This study assessed the developmental links between children's working memory development and their relations with teachers and peers across 2 years of kindergarten and early elementary school. Kindergarten and first grade children, N = 1109, 50% boys, were followed across 2 school-years. Children were assessed across 3 waves, in the fall and spring of the first school-year (within school-year)...

This paper presents an exploratory study in which a humanoid robot (MecWilly) acted as a partner to preschool children, helping them to learn English words. In order to use the Socio-Cognitive Conflict paradigm to induce the knowledge acquisition process, we designed a playful activity in which children worked in pairs with another child or with the humanoid robot on a word-picture association ...