A novel approach for direct electroless (EL) patterning of copper films without catalysts has been developed. In a special electroless solution employed in the present study, the formation of copper particles was observed and the negatively charged surfaces were confirmed by zeta potential measurements. The conditions of the solution (ionic strength, pH, temperature, additives etc.) greatly aff...

An areally extensive volcanic mass-flow deposit of Pleistocene age, known as the Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, is a prominent and visually striking deposit in the southeastern Copper River lowland of south-central Alaska. The mass-flow deposit consists of a diverse mixture of colorful, variably altered volcanic rocks, lahar deposits, glaciolacustrine diamicton, and till that record a m...

Its properties make copper one of the world’s most important functional metals. Numerous megatrends are increasing demand for copper. This requires prospection and exploration new deposits, as well monitoring quality in various production steps. A promising technique to perform these tasks is Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). unique feature, among others, ability measure on site with...

sorkheh-dizaj apatite-iron oxide deposit is located 32 km southeast of zanjan. the area is situated within the tarom subzone of western alborz-azarbaijan structural zone. the oldest units at the sorkheh-dizaj area are eocene trachyte, trachyandesite, olivine basalt and volcanoclastic brecciate tuff and lapilli tuff which intruded by a quartz-monzonite, monzonite and granite subvolcanic pluton o...

The electrochemical deposition of copper is studied in polyaniline (PAN) layers with different redox states before the onset of metal deposition. Three characteristic oxidising peaks are found during dissolution of the copper deposit. Their charge contributions depend markedly on both thickness and the redox state of the polymer layers. The combined electrochemical, SEM and XPS studies allow to...

due to substantial effect of classification of resource models on future mine planning, one should come with an accurate method of estimation to guarantee that the minimum error is acquired in the estimation process. the known world class cu-mo deposit, sarcheshmeh porphyry deposit (central iran) selected as the study area. the hypogene zone of the deposit was chosen as the space in which estim...