A parameterization of shallow cumulus clouds for use in atmospheric general circulation models is proposed. The parameterization uses a bulk representation of an ensemble of transient clouds. Entrainment of environmental air occurs at the ascending top of the cumulus cloud and also at the lateral boundaries of the region below the top of the cloud. Complete detrainment of the air in the cloud o...

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model can help to improve our understanding of analysing forecasting hydrometeorological disasters. Especially for some regions like the Nile Delta, which faces growing climate hazards but has inadequate in situ rainfall observations. However, identifying an optimal configuration run WRF is often a challenge. In this study, was used simulate extreme ev...

Owing to their extensive spatial coverage, stratocumulus clouds play a crucial role in the radiation budget of the earth. Climate models need an accurate characterisation of stratocumulus in order to provide an accurate forecast. However, remote sensing as well as in-situ observations reveal that on several occasions, cumulus clouds present below the stratocumulus, often have a significant impa...

A minimal 3D numerical model designed for basic studies of tropical cyclone behavior is described. The model is formulated in s coordinates on an f or b plane and has three vertical levels, one characterizing a shallow boundary layer and the other two representing the upper and lower troposphere, respectively. It has three options for treating cumulus convection on the subgrid scale and a simpl...

The orbital angular momentum of photons, being defined in an infinite-dimensional discrete Hilbert space, offers a promising resource for high-dimensional quantum information protocols in quantum optics. The biggest obstacle to its wider use is presently represented by the limited set of tools available for its control and manipulation. Here, we introduce and test experimentally a series of sim...

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model offers a multitude of physics parameterizations to study analyze the different atmospheric processes dynamics that are observed in Earth's atmosphere. However, suitability WRF setup is known be highly sensitive type weather phenomena combination parameterizations. A multi-event sensitivity analysis conducted identify general trends suit...