Food losses in field and store 5 cause outstanding losses in many crops. Because there are few trained nematologists, many other important nematode problems on key food crops such as rice and paddy remain uninvestigated. Because nematodes are soil organisms, control is especially difficult. Few satisfactory nematicides are known and these are too expensive for most agricultural crops in Europe....

Large inputs of phosphorus (P) in chemical fertilizers and feed supplements since 1978 have improved soil P status in arable land in China, but have also created challenges by increasing P concentrations in manure and exacerbating water quality degradation. Arable land in China can be divided into five management zones based on soil P chemistry, with 15-92 % of arable land having lower P status...

respiratory disease conditions are continuing to cause heavy economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort) has been incriminated as a possible additional causative agent in respiratory disease complex. although, ort has been proved to be highly sensitive to different chemical disinfectants, currently, ort infection appears to have become endemic and ca...

Wet tropical forests growing on highly weathered soil, depleted in rockderived nutrients, yet rich in nitrogen (N), may respond quite differently to anthropogenic N inputs than those growing on younger soils low in N. We evaluated the effects of firsttime and long-term N additions on the pattern and regulation of hydrologic N losses from wet tropical forests located at the extreme ends of a soi...

Studies of the future competitiveness of reverse electrodialysis (RED) with other energy technologies show that the projected levelized cost of electricity realized through current stack designs is prohibitively high. Despite these high projected costs, RED maintains other advantages namely, the harnessing of a renewable and non-intermittent energy resource, the emissions-free operation, the di...

A baseflow survey of 41 tributary creeks investigated the tiansport of alrazine, nilrate-nitrom chloride and sulfate in two 5,000 ha Jasper County, Iowa watersbeds. The waterskds comprise a long-tam paired shldy to evaluate the effects of largesale conversion of row nop to prairie in Walnut creek watershed compared to highly agricultural Squaw creek watershed. Discharge and chemical concentrati...

Fig is a very perishable fruit with short postharvest life. Low-cost techniques should be employed to reduce fresh fig losses. The purpose of this study was design passive modified atmosphere packaging (PMAP) extend the shelf-life ‘Dottato’ figs stored at 4 °C for 21 days. Physico-chemical traits and enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant systems were evaluated. Storage in PMAP reduced losses weig...

there are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. a field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, northern iran (36.3°n, 53.04°e), to determine the effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on nitrogen (n) and pho...

TCP is a popular transport protocol used in present-day internet. When packet losses occur, TCP assumes that the packet losses are due to congestion, and responds by reducing its congestion window. When a TCP connection traverses a wireless link, a significant fraction of packet losses may occur due to transmission errors. TCP responds to such losses also by reducing congestion window. This res...