In higher eukaryotes, transcriptional enhancers play critical roles in the integration of cellular signaling information, but apart from a few well-studied model enhancers, we lack a general picture of transcriptional information processing by most enhancers. Here we discuss recent studies that have provided fresh insights on information processing that occurs on enhancers, and propose that in ...

The dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo is controlled by Dorsal, a sequence-specific transcription factor that is related to mammalian NF-κB. Previous ChIP-chip assays predicted that as many as a third or even half of all Dorsal target genes contain multiple enhancers for the same or similar expression pattern. Here we show that some of these secondary enhancers, or “shadow enhan...

This article reviews the state of art formulation and fabrication sensible, latent, thermochemical thermal energy storage (TES) materials with special focus on role particle technology in enhancing performance these materials. Molten salt-based sensible TES have been intensively studied, particularly use doped nanoparticles for specific heat capacity conductivity. For latent TES, inclusion prop...

MyoD1 is a key regulator that orchestrates skeletal muscle differentiation through the regulation of gene expression. Although many studies have focused on its role in transcriptional control at gene promoters, less is known regarding the role of MyoD1 in the assembly of active enhancers. Here, we discuss novel data that point to the ability of MyoD1 to mediate the assembly of active enhancers ...

Enhancers are short regulatory regions (50-1500 bp) of DNA that control the tissue-specific activation of gene expression by long distance interaction with targeting gene regions. Recently, genome-wide identification of enhancers in diverse tissues and cell lines was achieved using high-throughput sequencing. Enhancers have been associated with malfunctions in cancer development resulting from ...

background: cellulite is the accumulation of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue in tights and buttocks. xanthines, such as aminophylline, are used as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and are also adenosine receptor antagonists. objectives: the aim of the present study was to characterize in vitro aminophylline transdermal absorption through shed snake skin, and to investigate the absorption en...

Enhancers are cis elements that play an important role in regulating gene expression by enhancing it. Recent study of modifications revealed that enhancers are a large group of functional elements with many different subgroups, which have different biological activities and regulatory effects on target genes. As powerful auxiliary tools, several computational methods have been proposed to disti...