On-line chat is becoming more popular for both work and leisure. Unfortunately, the chat format is quite constrained in its ability to convey many important pieces of non-verbal information. We present a new system that uses dynamic text with numerous interactive techniques to effectively communicate nonverbal information. We created a number of easily recognizable animation types to show emoti...

An ethanolic extract of Allium tuberosum Rottl. demonstrated potent choline acetytrasferase (ChAT) activating activity (45%) among 30 screened Korean edible plants. The ChAT activator of A. tuberoum Rottl. was purified and identified as ferulic acid [4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid] via silica-gel open-column chromatography, HPLC, EI-MS, and 1H/13C-NMR. The ferulic acid from A. tuberoum Rottl....

Chat rooms and newsgroup on the internet is a valuable, and often free of charge, source of information. In this paper, a design of smart chat room bots that automatically retrieve and filter on line messages is proposed. The design is based on internet technology and Bayesian Networks. Technical details of connecting to and retrieving data from web based chat room servers are presented. A Naiv...

When trying to identify the author of a book, a paper, or a letter, the object is to detect a style that distinguishes one author from another. With recent developments in artificial intelligence, chat bots sometimes play the role of the text authors. The focus of this study is to investigate the change in chat bot linguistic style over time and its effect on authorship attribution. The study s...

Mostly, the conversations taking place in chat mediums bear important information concerning the speakers. This information can vary in many fields such as tendencies, habits, attitudes, guilt situations, and intentions of the speakers. Therefore, analysis and processing of these conversations are of much importance. Many social and semantic inferences can be made from these conversations. In d...

We describe the beginning stages of our work on summarizing chat, which is motivated by our observations concerning the information overload of US Navy watchstanders. We describe the challenges of summarizing chat and focus on two chat-specific types of summarizations we are interested in: thread summaries and temporal summaries. We then discuss our plans for addressing these challenges and eva...

Abstract The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) is produced by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Recently, ChAT expression was found in leukocytes, however, function of leukocyte-derived ACh incompletely understood. Flow cytometry showed that most ChAT-expressing cells spleen, lymph nodes, lung, and pleural cavity ChAT-GFP reporter mice are B cells. B-1 contain highest frequencies ...

This paper is an attempt to move the literature on chat-based reference services beyond the current spate of case studies and discussions of emerging standards and best practices in providing chat-based reference, to a higher level of discussion on the creation and discussion of theoretical frameworks to unite these standards and practices. This paper explores the various steps in the process o...

The cholinergic structures in the forebrain of the rat were studied immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) which has proven to be particularly suited to reveal the trajectory of ChAT-positive fibers and their terminations. The habenulo-interpeduncular tract contained the most distinctly ChAT-positive fibers. Here, ChAT-positivity was demonstrated in...

Instant Messaging has become an important means of communication between people around the globe, providing an alternative to telephone and email conversations. The number of users using Instant Messenger products has been increasing over recent years. Messenger services provide a perfect environment for private and personal chat. People of all ages log into messenger service or chat rooms to s...