according to the article 4(1) of the charter of the united nations four conditions (stateness, peace-loving, acceptance of the obligations in the charters obligation) should be maintained for the admission of the new members. despite the express enunciation of these conditions and the confirmation of those conditions by the international court of justice (icj) in his advisory opinion on “the co...

The physician charter on medical professionalism creates standards of ethical behaviour for physicians and has been endorsed by professional organisations worldwide. It is based on the cardinal principles of the primacy of patient welfare, patient autonomy, and social welfare. There has been little discussion in the bioethics community of the doctrine of the charter and none from a Jewish ethic...

BACKGROUND Given that advances in research continuously raise new ethical issues, a multidisciplinary working group of investigators involved in biomedical research has gathered to discuss and compare ethical viewpoints in their daily practice. METHODS The working group has drafted a Charter for Ethics in Biomedical Research that encompasses all the steps in the research process, i.e. from th...

SUMMARY At the height of COVID-19 pandemic many African countries barred people, including citizens and foreign nationals, from entering or leaving their territories. This was case although article 12(2) Charter on Human Peoples' Rights provides that '[ejvery individual shall have right to leave any country his own, return country'. However, also '[t]his may only be subject restrictions, provid...

“OF MAKING MANY BOOKS THERE IS NO END,” writes the biblical author of Ecclesiastes—and so it seems that of the making of many international heritage conventions, principles, and guidelines there also seems to be no end in sight. Beginning with the 1931 Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments, through the 1964 Venice Charter, and continuing with the recent adoption of the 2003 I...

Safety and Health Programs, OSHA, shall furnish guidelines to field councils concerning the preparation of this report. (d) Upon determination that a council is not operating in accordance with its charter and the provisions of this subpart, and after consultation with appropriate OSHA regional officials, the Secretary shall revoke the council’s charter. Upon revocation of a charter, the counci...

The authors have written the Ethics and Big Data Charter in collaboration with various agencies, private bodies and associations. This Charter aims at describing any large or complex resources, and in particular language resources, from a legal and ethical viewpoint and ensuring the transparency of the process of creating and distributing such resources. We propose in this article an analysis o...

In 1948, three years after the adoption of the Charter, the General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which has served as guiding principles on human rights and fundamental freedoms in the constitutions and laws of many of the Member States of the United Nations. The Universal Declaration prohibits all forms of discrimination based on sex and ensures the right to life,...