There is increased interest of the orthopedic surgeons in treating the pathology of long head of biceps. Although there is some clarity in the result of biceps tenotomy, it is not so clear concerning tenodesis. An open keyhole tenodesis of biceps is shrouded with concerns of primary stability, use of deltopectoral incision, operative pain, technical difficulty to access biceps tendon in case of...

Neurosurgeons have endeavored to make surgery safe for the patient ever since the inception of neurosurgery as a specialty. The limited capacity of the neural tissue to withstand sustained retraction coupled with rigid covering of the brain has been the major limitation in brain surgery. Besides the lesion itself, the surgical approach to it often results in poor outcome due to brain retraction...

This paper addresses in-process monitoring of weld penetration depth (WPD) during remote laser welding battery tab connectors using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The research aims at studying the impact process parameters on accuracy WPD measurements. In general, highest measurement is achievable by positioning OCT measuring beam toward bottom keyhole. However, finding and maintaining ali...

The prehistoric stone funerary monuments of the Sahara desert, distributed in a huge geographical area, had been created in several different shapes. Some of them have a design that looks like a keyhole, and therefore are known as keyhole tombs. Since they are facing the sunrise, these tombs were also considered as places for the worship of the sun. In this paper, we show that one of them, in A...

Abstract Laser keyhole initiation and termination-related defects, such as cracking cavities due to collapse, are a well-known issue in laser welding of thick section steels. In longitudinal welding, run-on run-off plates used avoid this problem. However, an approach is not applicable circumferential where start/stop defects remain within the workpiece. These issues can hinder industry from app...

The simulation method in laser-MIG hybrid welding, which involves two heat sources and multiple welding parameters, is beneficial to reveal the complex physical phenomena dynamic behavior of molten pool keyhole during process. In this investigation, for 6-mm-thick 6061 aluminum alloy was performed under different input by high-power disc laser, MIG system, KUKA robot. high-speed camera system u...