A bacteriophage (Tphi3) which infects the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 8005 was isolated and characterized. Infection of the bacterium by the bacteriophage was carried out at 60 C, the optimal growth temperature of the host. At 60 C, the phage had a latent period of 18 min and a burst size of about 200. The phage was comparatively thermostable in broth. The halflife o...

In March 2011, enormous radioactive materials, mainly 137Cs, 129I, 90Sr and so on were released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant after The Great East Japan Earthquake. Tap water, raw milk, vegetables, mushrooms, fruit, nuts, seaweed, marine invertebrates, fish, beef, wild animal meat, brown rice, wheat, tea leaves and other foodstuffs were contaminated by many radionuclides. In pa...

It has been demonstrated that a Cs(2)O-stabilized leucite porcelain was susceptible to a stress-induced phase transformation, but toughening was not observed.1 It was hypothesized that if Cs(2)O-stabilized leucite core particles were added to a cesium-free matrix porcelain, selected or designed to enhance the toughening mechanism, toughening would occur. A commercial porcelain (VP) and a synthe...

A technique for the isolation of ribonucleic acid (RNA)-rich mutants of Escherichia coli is described. Mutagenized cells were centrifuged to isopycnic equilibrium on potassium tartrate or cesium sulfate gradients. Samples from the region of the gradients slightly denser than the majority of the cells were spread on agar plates, and the resulting clones were tested for increased RNA to protein r...

For the past 50 years, atomic standards based on the frequency of the cesium ground-state hyperfine transition have been the most accurate time pieces in the world. We now report a comparison between the cesium fountain standard NIST-F1, which has been evaluated with an inaccuracy of about 4 x 10(-16), and an optical frequency standard based on an ultraviolet transition in a single, laser-coole...

Non-elutable crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ionexchanger materials have been studied for removing cesium from a variety of radioactive wastes at several U.S. DOE sites over the last decade. For the current pretreatment facility design of the River Protection Project (RPP) Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) in Hanford, the removal of cesium from low activity waste (LAW) is achieved by ion-exchange te...

Matthew Meselson, Franklin Stahl, and Jerome Vinograd, developed cesium chloride, or CsCl, density gradient centrifugation in the 1950s at the California Institute of Technology [5], or Caltech, in Pasadena, California. Density gradient centrifugation enables scientists to separate substances based on size, shape, and density. Meselson and Stahl invented a specific type of density gradient cent...

Neither the infectivity nor the morphology of the mouse mammary tumor virus is appreciably affected by abrupt dilutions from strong solutions of cesium chloride, sodium chloride, or sodium iothalamate. In the purification of this virus by density gradient centrifugation, it is not necessary to use solutions of low osmotic activity. In sucrose, sodium iothalamate, potassium tartrate, or citrate,...

Single channel patch-clamp techniques were used to study nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cultured rat myotubes. The single channel conductance in pure cesium and sodium levels off at high concentrations, as if a binding site within the channel were saturating. The conductances at very low concentrations, however, are larger than predicted by the simplest one-site transport model fitted to ...