Cesarean rates continue to increase all over the world.Obstetric complications showed a similar increase with increasing cesarean section rate.With the many obstetric complications of increased cesarean rates, isthmocele terminology as also defined cesarean scar defecthas begun to used in the current literature. Isthmocele is a defect that appears like a dome or pocket that is localized on the ...

OBJECTIVES To describe changes in Cesarean section (CS) scars longitudinally throughout pregnancy, and to relate initial scar measurements, demographic variables and obstetric variables to subsequent changes in scar features and to final pregnancy outcome. METHODS In this prospective observational study we used transvaginal sonography (TVS) to examine the CS scar of 320 consecutive pregnant w...

BACKGROUND Treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is controversial. The objective of this study was to report our successful experience in the medical treatment of CSP with potassium chloride (KCl) and methotrexate. CASE This is a case series of six patients between 6-12 gestational weeks with the diagnosis of CSP. In five cases the fetus was alive and in one case, despite being at a gest...

Development of a gestational sac in a cesarean scar of the lower uterine segment is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is rising in frequency, as are cesarean section deliveries. CSP is a potentially life-threatening condition which, if not detected early and managed aggressively, can result in uterine rupture, massive hemorrhage and maternal death. The most common ...

Choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) are rare varieties of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). PSTT alone constitutes about 1-2% of all trophoblastic tumors, which presents at early reproductive age and the serum beta-hCG level is much lower than choriocarcinoma. This tumor usually invades the myometrium and its depth of penetration is a prognostic factor. The firs...

Background: Objective of current study was to study the outcome of trial of vaginal birth after Previous Cesarean Section (PCS) and indications for emergency repeat cesarean section at teaching hospitals in India. Methods: Prospective data was recorded on management practices, associated complications and mortality for a period of 8 months in 2005-2006 at 30 medical colleges/teaching hospitals ...

Scar endometriosis is uncommon and defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial glands in abdominal soft tissues after a gynecological operation. Malignant transformation has been reported but remains rare. Carcinogenesis occurs in ectopic endometrial tissue with repeated hormone stimulation during the menstrual cycle. We present a case of clear cell carcinoma directly arising from scar endom...