Fish venoms are often poorly studied, in part due to the difficulty in obtaining, extracting, and storing them. In this study, we characterize the cardiovascular and neurotoxic effects of the venoms from the following six species of fish: the cartilaginous stingrays Neotrygon kuhlii and Himantura toshi, and the bony fish Platycephalus fucus, Girella tricuspidata, Mugil cephalus, and Dentex tumi...

Taipans are highly venomous Australo-Papuan elapids. A new species of taipan, the Western Desert Taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis), has been discovered with two specimens housed in captivity at the Adelaide Zoo. This study is the first investigation of O. temporalis venom and seeks to characterise and compare the neurotoxicity, lethality and biochemical properties of O. temporalis venom with other ...

The venom of the Australian lowlands copperhead, Austrelaps superbus, produces significant and potentially lethal neurotoxic paralysis in cases of clinical envenomation. However, little is known about the neurotoxic components within this venom or venoms from the related alpine copperhead (Austrelaps ramsayi) or pygmy copperhead (Austrelaps labialis). Using the isolated chick biventer cervicis ...

In therian mammals, gravitational and locomotor forces are transferred between the forelimb and trunk primarily, or entirely, through the muscles that connect the limb and trunk. Our understanding of this force transmission is based on analyses of shoulder anatomy and on a handful of descriptive electromyographic studies. To improve our understanding, we manipulated the locomotor forces of trot...

radiation-related wounds challenge surgeons in all disciplines of surgery. wound-healing complications are commonplace, and solutions for reconstruction are limited. muscle and musculocutaneous flaps have improved this situation. but the question is, does previous radiation of the muscle to be transposed affect the outcome? 143 consecutive previously irradiated patients treated with muscle or m...