A female stillborn Holstein calf with shortened cervical and thoracic regions, protrusion of the tongue, and bilateral symmetric flexural contraction of the anterior limbs was delivered on gestation day 281. Multiple hemivertebrae, fused and misshaped vertebrae, synostosis and scoliosis of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral column were found in the affected calf by radiographic and compute...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the transaxillary surgical approach and results of thoracic outlet cases in our clinic in the light of the recent literature data. METHODS Between 1996 and 2002 a series of 35 cases diagnosed as thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) hospitalized and surgically treated in our clinic have been studied retrospectively. RESULTS Twenty-six of our cases wer...

The paper presents the possibility of using ultrasonography in the diagnosis of a congenital rib anomaly in the form of bifid rib. Bifid rib is a rare congenital abnormality of anterior chest wall. It manifests as a chest "lump." Such lesions are detected during a routine physical examination or chest X-ray which is often performed for other reasons. The overall prevalence of bifid rib is estim...

long bone metastasis in cervical cancer is a rare presentation generally seen in the lumbar column or ribs. the reported rates of bone metastases are between 15%-29%. it is associated with poor prognosis. bone scan and magnetic resonance imaging are useful techniques for diagnosis. in this case report, a 32-year old female with a previous history of cervical carcinoma figo stage iiia presented ...

The thoracic spine has a primary dorsal convexity (Fig. 1) associated with intrauterine life – a phylogenetic kyphosis – whereas the cervical and lumbar spine have a compensatory lordosis. The 12 thoracic vertebrae are intermediate in size between those in the cervical and lumbar regions. They are composed of a vertebral body – a cylindrical ventral mass of bone – continuing posteriorly into a ...

CEnVlCAL OSTEOTOM~ for severe ankylosing spondylitis involving the cervical spine is uncommon. Yet, there are occasions when one may be called upon to provide anaesthesia for such an operation. At present there are no comprehensive reports on its anaesthetic management. The largest series of cervical osteotomy was reported by Simmons of Toronto, who at the time of his report had operated on 20 ...