The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to investigate access by 20 to 60 year-old women--both black and white--to early detection (pap-smear) exams for breast and cervical cancer in two towns--São Leopoldo and Pelotas--in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Estimates of the association between race/color and access to Pap-smear and breast exams were adjusted for income...

OBJECTIVE To review a 1995 Pap smear screening program at Burnaby Correctional Centre for Women (BCCW). METHOD 129 inmates (15%), were screened in BCCW in 1995. General population data were obtained from the British Columbia Cervical Cytology Screening Program (BC CCSP) Registry. RESULTS BCCW inmates aged 25-29 years were 11 times more likely to have high grade cytologic abnormalities on Pa...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) versus conventional Pap smear as a screening tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 HIV-infected women attending the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital HIV clinic in Eldoret underwent conventi...

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of Pap smear abnormalities and to characterize the associated risk factors in HIV seropositive women. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 252 HIV seropositive women in and around Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India by screening them for cervical cytological abnormalities by means of conventional Pap smear screening and the abnor...

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women in developing countries. A key factor linked to the relatively high levels of cervical cancer in these populations is the lack of awareness and access to preventive methods. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of cervical cancer and Papanicolaou test (Pap smear test) and factors associated with the utilization of Pap t...

PAPANICOLAOU (PAP) SMEAR screening for cervical cancer, introduced in the 1940s, has become a widely accepted cancer screening test. High rates of screening are the rule in all industrialized nations, and the number of cases and deaths from cervical cancer has decreased substantially since the introduction of screening. In the United States, all women have historically been considered eligible ...

BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of Pap smear screening on the incidence of invasive cancer of the cervix in the Western Cape, South Africa where screening is limited. METHODS Data were derived from a case-control study of the association of hormonal contraceptives and invasive cervical cancer. Incident cases (n = 524) of invasive cervical cancer who presented at two tertiary hospitals a...

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer, although usually preventable by Pap smear screening, remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Peru. The percentages and characteristics of women in Peru who have or have not had a Pap smear have not been defined. METHODS In an urban community randomized trial of sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV prevention in Peru, 6712 randomly sele...

CONTEXT Sexually experienced women are at risk of cervical cancer, one of the most common female reproductive cancers. Nearly 20% of U.S. women aged 18-64 have a disability, and disability is associated with health care access; however, the relationship between disability and Pap smear receipt remains underexplored. METHODS Data on 20,907 women aged 21-64 from the 2000 and 2005 National Healt...