OBJECTIVE To determine whether various proteins in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) known to be involved in immune regulation, alone or in combination with clinical risk factors, can predict spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) in women with cervical insufficiency or a short cervix (≤25 mm). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 62 asymptomatic women with cervical insufficiency (n = 2...

Madam C was a 39-year-old primiparous lady having history of one IVF pregnancy delivered by Caesarean section (CS). She found cervical intra-epithelial neoplasm (CIN) 2-3 with loop electro-excision procedure (LEEP) performed 6 months after her delivery. 1.8 cm-thick, 2 cm-wide cervix resected and diagnosed CIN 1. Two 6-monthly smears were negative for in the presence transformation zone compone...

Four crossbred cows with mummified fetus were utilized for the study. The cows were subjected to gynecological examination and based on the findings the cases were diagnosed as mummified fetus. The cows were treated with 2 mg estradiol valerate and 500 µg cloprostenol and were examined every 12 hr after 24 hr of the treatment for cervical dilatation and other signs related to fetal expulsion. T...

BACKGROUND Unripe cervix prevents entering the endometrial cavity during intrauterine procedures. Mechanical dilatation of cervical canal might cause undesirable complications. OBJECTIVE To investigate the substitute of mechanical intervention with chemical treatment by administering hyoscine to patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty non-pregnant women, 20-70 years of age, with a closed cerv...