We investigated time trends in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from different patient settings in The Netherlands from 2008-2012. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from blood and urine samples of patients > = 18 years were selected from the Dutch Infectious Disease Surveillance System-Antimicrobial Resistance (ISIS-AR) database. We ...

Increasing pneumococcal resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins warrants the search for novel agents with activity against such resistant strains. Ceftaroline, a parenteral cephalosporin currently in phase 3 clinical development, has demonstrated potent in vitro activity against resistant gram-positive organisms, including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, the...

BACKGROUND Drug hypersensitivity is classically divided into IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated disease. We report a rare case of consequent IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated reactions within the beta lactam class of antibiotics. CASE SUMMARY An 84-year-old man developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) due to ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, involving 72% of the body surface are...

BACKGROUND Gonorrhoea has been among the easiest infections to cure with antibiotics. Nevertheless, emerging resistance has driven repeated treatment shifts. Decreased cephalosporin susceptibility is now being reported. We examined cephalosporin MIC trends for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the UK and undertook pharmacodynamic analyses to predict efficacy against strains with raised MICs. METHODS N...

The use of antibiotics for prophylaxis against infection among women undergoing nonelective cesarean section has become the standard of care in the United States. Many different antibiotics have been used successfully. Single-dose regimens administered after the cord is clamped have proven just as effective as multiple-dose regimens. Although the most frequently used class of antibiotics is the...

Third-generation cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that are often used for the treatment of human infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. Worryingly, the incidence of human infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli is increasing worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that these E. coli strains, and their antibiotic...

PURPOSE Cephalosporins can induce occupational allergies, such as asthma, urticaria, and anaphylaxis. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of sensitization to cephalosporin. METHODS A total of 161 health care workers (HCW), including 138 nurses and 23 pharmacists, and 86 unexposed non-atopic healthy controls were recruited from a single tertiary hospital and the general population....

BACKGROUND & AIMS The recent emergence of third-generation cephalosporin resistance in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is of great concern, although neither the risk factors for resistance nor its real impact on mortality have been well defined. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of all spontaneous bacterial peritonitis episodes with positive blood and/or ascitic culture at our cent...

CENTA is a newly synthesized, beta-lactamase-labile, chromogenic cephalosporin reagent which changes color from light yellow (K maximum ca. 340 nm) to chrome yellow (A maximum ca. 405 nm) concomitant with hydrolysis of the betalactam ring. This compound offers promise as a diagnostic reagent comparable to other chromogens (PADAC and nitrocefin) for the early detection of betalactamase-producing...

The superiority of d-methionine over l-methionine for stimulation of cephalosporin C synthesis in a crude medium was confirmed. The optimal level of dl-methionine was 0.5%. Methionine stimulates growth slightly but this is not thought to be the cause of the marked stimulation of antibiotic synthesis. Of a large number of sulfur compounds tested, only dl-methionine-dl-sulfoxide and S-methyl-l-cy...