We report on the role of conserved stress-response pathways for cellular tolerance to a pore forming toxin. First, we observed that small molecular weight inhibitors including of eIF2α-phosphatase, jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and PI3-kinase sensitized normal mouse embryonal fibroblasts (MEFs) to the small pore forming S. aureus α-toxin. Sensitization depended on expression of mADAM10, the muri...

By directly recording electrical activity from the human brain, neuroscientists at the School of Medicine have shown that distinct, distant groups of brain areas that support memory retrieval act in concert, even during sleep. The findings, described in a study published online April 8 in Neuron, confirm for the first time that specific electrical patterns of coordinated neural activity in wide...

Dihydrogen sulfide recently emerged as a biological signaling molecule with important physiological roles and significant pharmacological potential. Chemically plausible explanations for its mechanisms of action have remained elusive, however. Here, we report that H(2)S reacts with S-nitrosothiols to form thionitrous acid (HSNO), the smallest S-nitrosothiol. These results demonstrate that, at t...

S-Box is the only non-linear component in Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) which determine its strength. The Look-Up Table based S-Box of conventional AES occupies large storage space, reduced throughput and consumes more power. This article presents the design of an S-Box based on Reversible Cellular Automata function that reduces the implementation cost. Further, Cellular Automata functions ...

Curated databases of signal transduction have grown to describe several thousand reactions, and efficient use of these data requires the development of modelling tools to elucidate and explore system properties. We present PATHLOGIC-S, a Boolean specification for a signalling model, with its associated GPL-licensed implementation using integer programming techniques. The PATHLOGIC-S specificati...

This chapter was written for a broad audience, including biologists, historians of science, philosophers of science, and sociologists. The topic offers something of interest to specialists in each of these fields, for it provides materials for case studies of conflicts with interacting conceptual, disciplinary, and institutional components between embryologists, and geneticists, and workers in ...

Group A streptococci strain C203S, grown in heart infusion broth with 0.3% maltose, produce two cellular hemolysins related to extracellular streptolysin S (SLS). Enzymatic lysis of the streptococci by group C streptococcal phage-associated lysin results in release of low titer, labile hemolysin, which can be stabilized by ribonucleic acid (RNA)-core (RNA preparation from yeast). This labile he...

S.epidermidis infections on medically implanted devices are a common problem in modern medicine due to the abundance of the bacteria. Once inside the body, S. epidermidis gathers in communities called biofilms and can become extremely hard to eradicate, causing the patient serious complications. We simulate the complex S. epidermidis-Neutrophils interactions in order to determine the optimum co...

future increase of mobile communication subscribers will require a great capacity expansion of the cellular systems. in order to accommodate the increasing number of subscribers, the cell size will have to be much smaller than current size. therefore, it is predictable that the location updating and paging procedures will produce a major part of signaling traffic in these networks. this pape...