Homeostasis of most adult tissues is maintained by balancing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, but whether post-transcriptional mechanisms can regulate this process is unknown. Here, we identify that an RNA methyltransferase (Misu/Nsun2) is required to balance stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in skin. In the epidermis, this methyltransferase is found in a defined sub-populat...

In multi-cellular organisms, tissue homeostasis is maintained by an exquisite balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation. This equilibrium can be achieved either at the single cell level (a.k.a. cell asymmetry), where stem cells follow strict asymmetric divisions, or the population level (a.k.a. population asymmetry), where gains and losses in individual stem cell lineages are ...

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood cell production throughout an individual's lifespan through complex processes ultimately leading to fates of self-renewal, differentiation or cell death decisions. A fine balance between these decisions in vivo allows for the size of the HSC pool to be maintained. While many key factors involved in regulating HSC/progenitor cell differen...

In this study, liquid-liquid extraction process in a Kuhni extraction column was modeled and simulated. A non-equilibrium dynamic model was developed for modeling liquid-liquid extraction processes based on a rate-based model. The model equations are inclusive of partial and ordinary differential equations which were discretized in column height direction. The population balance model was used ...

We consider spatial population dynamics on a lattice, following type of contact (birth–death) stochastic process. show that simple mathematical approximations for the density cells can be obtained in variety scenarios. In case homogeneous cell population, we derive cellular two-dimensional (2D) lattice with an arbitrary number neighbors, including von Neumann, Moore, and hexagonal lattice. then...

Energy sector is considered to be one of the most important components of a country's infrastructure and a key indicator of the standard of living. Energy consumption reflects upon population growth, living standard, and the level of development in all aspects of life. It is of utmost importance to study the current situation of energy consumption for developing energy plans and policies and to...

We consider several structured population models (age structured, size structured, maturity structured) and the general scattering equation. These models are not conservation laws, nevertheless we show that they admit a common relative entropy structure which uses the first eigenelements of the problem. In case of scattering, it is more general than the usual ”detailed balance principle”. Three...

We characterize the near-infrared (NIR) dust attenuation for a sample of ∼5500 local (z . 0.1) star-forming galaxies and obtain an estimate of their average total-to-selective attenuation k(λ). We utilize data from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) and the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which is combined with previously measured UV-optical data for these galaxies. The average at...