conclusions the results presented herein provided insight into a possible explanation for the modes of action of essential oils on l. monocytogenes. the outcome of the present study may aid the food industry in locating the most promising potential anti-listerial agents from edible seaweed sources to control l. monocytogenes and also in facilitating their application in food processing and pres...

Lignin is a complex biopolymer derived primarily from the condensation of three monomeric precursors, the monolignols. The synthesis of monolignols occurs in the cytoplasm. To reach the cell wall where they are oxidized and polymerized, they must be transported across the cell membrane. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transport process are unclear. There are conflicting views a...

Bacterial cell growth necessitates synthesis of peptidoglycan. Assembly of this major constituent of the bacterial cell wall is a multistep process starting in the cytoplasm and ending in the exterior cell surface. The intracellular part of the pathway results in the production of the membrane-anchored cell wall precursor, Lipid II. After synthesis this lipid intermediate is translocated across...

confluent monolayers of well-differentiated enterocyte-like cells with functional properties of transporting epithelia, and retains various influx and efflux transporters expressed in the intestine, such as H -coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance proteins (MRPs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Caco-2 cells have been widely used a...

ABC transporters are a large family of membrane proteins that transport chemically diverse substrates across the cell membrane. Disruption mechanisms mediated by causes development various diseases, including atherosclerosis. Methods: A bioinformatic analysis dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed. GEO containing data on gene expression levels in samples atherosclerotic lesion...

Quantitative time-lapse imaging data of single cells expressing the transmembrane protein, vesicular stomatitis virus ts045 G protein fused to green fluorescent protein (VSVG-GFP), were used for kinetic modeling of protein traffic through the various compartments of the secretory pathway. A series of first order rate laws was sufficient to accurately describe VSVG-GFP transport, and provided co...

Proximal tubules are lined with epithelial cells that contain Na-K-ATPase in their basolateral cell membrane. The luminal cell membrane contains transport proteins that couple movement of many solutes to the active transport of sodium. The cells are connected by low-resistance junctional complexes that permit passive movement of solutes via a paracellular shunt pathway. Acidification is mediate...

Hippocampal neurons in culture develop morphological polarity in a sequential pattern; axons form before dendrites. Molecular differences, particularly those of membrane proteins, underlie the functional polarity of these domains, yet little is known about the temporal relationship between membrane protein polarization and morphological polarization. We took advantage of viral expression system...

Viral assembly was thought to occur only in the cell body, with subsequent transport of fully assembled virions to axon terminals for release. Indeed, a pseudorabies virus mutant for Us9 appeared to be defective only in the second step, as it still makes infectious viral particles in the cell body but is defective for viral shedding from axons. But Tomishima and Enquist find that in the Us9 mut...

Viral assembly was thought to occur only in the cell body, with subsequent transport of fully assembled virions to axon terminals for release. Indeed, a pseudorabies virus mutant for Us9 appeared to be defective only in the second step, as it still makes infectious viral particles in the cell body but is defective for viral shedding from axons. But Tomishima and Enquist find that in the Us9 mut...