The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a 30 m resolution crop-specific land cover map produced annually to assess crops and cropland area across the conterminous United States. Despite its prominent use value for monitoring agricultural use/land (LULC), there remains substantial uncertainty surrounding CDLs’ performance, particularly in applications measuring L...

a meshless approach, collocation discrete least square (cdls) method, is extended in this paper, for solvingelasticity problems. in the present cdls method, the problem domain is discretized by distributed field nodes. the fieldnodes are used to construct the trial functions. the moving least-squares interpolant is employed to construct the trialfunctions. some collocation points that are indep...

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem malformation syndrome. There is wide clinical variability in this disorder. This disorder is relatively uncommon and characterised by series of malformations which includes skeletal, craniofacial, gastrointestinal and cardiac malformations. The main clinical feature includes growth retardation, limb abnormalities, mental retardation, developmen...

The aim of this study was to evaluate bone health and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Overall, nine CdLS (five females, all Caucasian, aged 5–38 years) were assessed. Total less head (TBLH) lumbar spine (LS) scans performed, serum biomarkers determined. Molecular analyses carried out clinical scores skeletal featu...

Genetic mapping studies reveal that mutations in cohesion pathways are responsible for multispectrum developmental abnormalities termed cohesinopathies. These include Roberts syndrome (RBS), Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), and Warsaw Breakage Syndrome (WABS). The cohesinopathies are characterized by overlapping phenotypes ranging from craniofacial deformities, limb defects, and mental retard...

The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms has the ability to undergo rapid and reversible changes in passive mechanical properties that are initiated and modulated by the nervous system. Since the mechanism of MCT mutability is poorly understood, the aim of this work was to provide a detailed morphological analysis of a typical mutable collagenous structure in its different mechanical...

Mutations in subunits or regulators of cohesin cause a spectrum of disorders in humans known as the 'cohesinopathies'. Cohesinopathies, including the best known example Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), are characterized by broad spectrum, multifactorial developmental anomalies. Heart defects occur at high frequency and can reach up to 30% in CdLS. The mechanisms by which heart defects occur a...

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem congenital anomaly disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay, distinctive facial dysmorphism, limb malformations, and multiple organ defects. Mutations in the NIPBL gene have been discovered recently as a major etiology for this syndrome, and were detected in 27-56% of patients. Two groups have fou...