Pulmonary aspergilloma (mycetoma) usually is a
 saprophytic fungal infection due to aspergillus species
 which colonized and grows into pre-existing cystic/
 cavitary lesions resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis
 or fibrotic sarcoidosis, other fibro-cavitary diseases
 including interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary
 fibrosis (IPF) a rare, chronic, progr...

Introduction: Pulmonary fungus ball is a rare complication in pre-existing pulmonary cavitary lesions, due to some chronic pulmonary diseases including tuberculosis, lung abscess and sarcoidosis. Fungus ball is mostly caused by aspergillus. In many patients, fungus ball is asymptomatic, but in a significant number of them it can develop cough and hemoptysis, which may be massive and fatal. The ...

In this paper we introduce the cone bounded linear mapping and demonstrate a proof to show that the cone norm is continuous. Among other things, we prove the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem in TVS-cone normed spaces. We also show that under some restrictions on the cone, two cone norms are equivalent if and only if the topologies induced by them are the same. In the sequel, we...

Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is defined as reactive lymphoid proliferation forming solitary or multiple nodules or localized infiltrates localized in the lungs. Radiological presentations are generally solitary or multiple nodules, but air bronchograms and ground glass attenuation may be present. Patients mostly asymptomatic and the lesions were detected coincidentally on routin...

The term bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) refers to nonspecific pathological abnormalities characterized by the presence of granulation tissue within the lumen of the distal pulmonary airspaces, associating "proliferative" bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia which is indeed the major component of the pathological process [1]. Some confusion has resulted from th...