Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are defined as abnormal connections between the carotid circulation and cavernous sinus. CCFs can be categorized as being direct or indirect. Direct CCFs are usually associated with trauma, whereas indirect CCFs are associated with revascularization following cavernous sinus thrombosis. We present a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with tinnitus, proptos...

PURPOSE To report late recurrence of orbital cavernous hemangioma in a patient ten years after complete resection of the primary tumor. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old woman with a history of progressive visual loss and proptosis underwent lateral orbitotomy for resection of a large cavernous hemangioma. Ten years later, proptosis recurred and the patient developed progressive ocular deviation. Ima...

PURPOSE To assess serial dynamic enhanced computed tomography (serial DE-CT) as a diagnostic tool for carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF). METHODS Serial DE-CT was performed in seven patients (ages 31-74) with CCF. Contrast material was injected intravenously at a dose of 60 mL with an injection speed of 4 mL per second. Serial axial images of the cavernous sinus were undertaken every 3 sec...

Objective: This article reviews novel restorative therapies for cavernous nerves that may be used to replace resected cavernous nerves at the time of pelvic surgery. Methods: A literature-based presentation (Medline search) on current nerve replacement strategies was conducted with emphasis on neurobiological factors contributing to the restoration of erectile function after cavernous nerve inj...

Cavernous hemangiomas affect mainly the brain and infrequently they are located in the intramedullary space. Spinal epidural cavernous haemangiomas are extremely rare and are mainly located to the cervico-thoracic spine. It is infrequently considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural masses. We report a rare case of a cavernous haemangioma confined to the lumbar spinal epidural s...

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive life threatening bacterial infection of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and the fascia. We present a case of necrotizing fasciitis involving the nose complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis. Few cases of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis have been reported to be caused by cellulitis of the face but necrotizing fasciitis of the nose is rare. It...

A 55-year-old woman presented a rare ectopic pituitary adenoma in the right cavernous sinus manifesting as acromegaly. The tumor was removed via transsphenoidal approach. Intraoperative observation showed the adenoma was located entirely within the right cavernous sinus, and separated from the normal pituitary gland by the medial wall of the cavernous sinus. There was no communication between t...

One case of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula and two cases of cavernous aneurysm associated with a persistent trigeminal artery are reported. Since a significant rate of infarctions or hemorrhages in the vertebrobasilar territory is associated with PTA, we prefer to permanently occlude the PTA during treatment of a carotid cavernous fistula or a cavernous aneurysm if the trigeminal artery ca...

Symptomatic patients with dural carotid-cavernous fistulas often require treatment. Traditional therapies, which often are not completely successful, include manual common carotid artery compression and embolization via transarterial routes. This report describes four symptomatic patients with spontaneous dural carotid-cavernous fistulas who were treated unsuccessfully with transarterial embolo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current classifications of cerebral cavernous malformations focus solely on morphologic aspects. Our aim was to provide a morphologic classification that reflects hemorrhage rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively categorized 355 cavernous malformations of 70 children and adolescents according to their morphologic appearance on MR imaging and calculated prospect...