Phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) have various uses, including as environmentally benign lubricants and lubricant additives. The properties behavior of these ILs depend on their chemical composition, i.e., cation anion combination, the operating conditions. One approach to understanding relationships between conditions, lubricant-relevant is classical molecular dynamics simulation. Although this ...

We show that the quark (not nucleon) based chiral linear σ model which receives strong support as a mean field theory for the strong interactions can actually be made asymptotically free by coupling to gluons. It has the further bonus of providing confinement.Alternatively, this theory is QCD that is chirally extended by the addition of a (σ, π) chiral multiplet. It could therefore be a candida...

The inverse seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass, i.e. mν ≃ (m2D/m2N )ǫL where ǫL is small, is discussed in the context of the U(1)Σ model. This is a gauge extension of the Standard Model of particle interactions with lepton triplets (Σ,Σ,Σ) as (Type III) seesaw anchors for obtaining small Majorana neutrino masses. Introduction : If the SU(3)C×SU(2)L×U(1)Y Standard Model (SM) of particle interacti...

Background: The organic matter (OM) in soils interacts with polyvalent cations such as Ca2+ through hydroxyl (OH), carboxylic acid, ester, keto, aldehyde (summarized C=O), and carboxylate (COO?) functional groups. Such interactions affect the bonding strength of double bond between C O atom groups, which is assumed to shift wavenumber (WN) region O–H (hydroxyl), C=O, COO?, OMcat (i.e., C=O inte...

The critical behaviour of the one-dimensional q-state Potts model with long-range interactions decaying with distance r as r −(1+σ) has been studied in the wide range of parameters 0 < σ ≤ 1 and 1 16 ≤ q ≤ 64. A transfer matrix has been constructed for a truncated range of interactions for integer and continuous q, and finite range scaling has been applied. Results for the phase diagram and the...

Ising models with pairwise interactions are the least structured, or maximum–entropy, probability distributions that exactly reproduce measured pairwise correlations between spins. Here we use this equivalence to construct Ising models that describe the correlated spiking activity of populations of 40 neurons in the retina, and show that pairwise interactions account for observed higher–order c...

Quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) for calculating temperature dependence of surface tension (σ) ionic liquids (ILs) in terms group contributions (GCs) is proposed and broadly presented. A statistical learning method including stepwise multiple linear regression two machine methods feed-forward artificial neural network least-squares support vector was applied to express σ as ...