The growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes using a direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system is reported. The growth properties are studied as a function of the Ni catalyst layer thickness, bias voltage, deposition temperature, C2H2:NH3 ratio, and pressure. It was found that the diameter, growth rate, and areal density of the nanotubes are controlled by the initial ...

A new molecular catalyst based on cobalt complex [LCoCl] (1) is formed by the reaction of N, N-dimethylethylenediamino-N,N-bis(2,4-dimethyl) phenol (H2L) with CoCl2 6H2O for electrolytic water reduction. To our knowledge 1 is by far the most active electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation from water with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2744 mol of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per hour at an overp...

In this research, we have developed cheap recyclable and task-specific acidic ionic liquids (AILs) 1-hydrogen-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Hmim]HSO4, 1-hydrogen-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Hmim]Cl, 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate [Hnhp]HSO4 and applied them in acid catalyzed synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives from 1,2-phenylendiamines and 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. The products coul...

In this research, a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid namely N1,N1,N2,N2-tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium chloride {[TMBSED][Cl]2} was employed as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free production of some nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds including: (i) polyhydroquinolines (from arylaldehydes, dimedone, β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate), (ii) 3,4-dihyd...

N1,N1,N2,N2-tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium chloride ([TMBSED][Cl]2) was synthesized as an acidic ionic liquid and characterized using FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, TG, DTG and DTA techniques. This ionic liquid was employed as efficient catalyst for the extremely facile and efficient synthesis of dihydropyrrol-2-ones and functionalized tetrahydropyridines. One-pot f...

A practical and green approach for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of fused tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives has been described via the condensation of 5- aminotetrazole, dimedone, and various aldehydes using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate [bmim]Cl/AlCl3, as a catalyst and task-specific ionic liquid medium. The catalyst was showed remarkable advantages in compariso...

The mechanism of the one-order-of-magnitude increase in the density of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) achieved by a recently developed thermal chemical vapor deposition process was studied using synchrotron radiation spectroscopic techniques. In the developed process, a Ti film is used as the underlayer for an Fe catalyst film. A characteristic point of this process is that C2H2 fee...

High-resolution porous structures of catalyst layers (CLs) including non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) or Pt for proton exchange membrane fuel cells are reconstructed using the quartet structure generation set. The nanoscale structures are analyzed in terms of pore size distribution, specific surface area, and phase connectivity. Pore-scale simulation methods based on the lattice Boltzmannme...

By exchanging information directly between non-adjacent protocol layers, cross-layer (CL) interaction can significantly improve and optimize network performances such as energy efficiency and delay. This is particularly important for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where sensor devices are energy-constrained and deployed for real-time monitoring applications. Existing CL schemes mainly exploit ...

The (salen)Co(III)-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of terminal epoxides is a bimetallic process with a rate controlled by partitioning between a nucleophilic (salen)Co-OH catalyst and a Lewis acidic (salen)Co-X catalyst. The commonly used (salen)Co-OAc and (salen)Co-Cl precatalysts undergo complete and irreversible counterion addition to epoxide during the course of the epoxide hy...