We present a theoretical analysis of the phase behavior of solutions containing DNA, cationic lipids, and nonionic (helper) lipids. Our model allows for five possible structures, treated as incompressible macroscopic phases: two lipid-DNA composite (lipoplex) phases, namely, the lamellar (L(alpha)(C)) and hexagonal (H(II)(C)) complexes; two binary (cationic/neutral) lipid phases, that is, the b...

A VDB topological index is defined as

Using hexagonal grids to represent digital images have been studied for more than 40 years. Increased processing capabilities of graphic devices and recent improvements in CCD technology have made hexagonal sampling attractive for practical applications and brought new interests on this topic. The hexagonal structure is considered to be preferable to the rectangular structure due to its higher ...

The Wiener number of a connected graph is equal to the sum of distances between all pairs of its vertices. A graph formed by a row of n hexagonal cells is called an n-hexagonal chain. Wiener number of an n x m hexagonal rectangle was found by the authors. An n x m hexagonal jagged-rectangle whose shape forms a rectangle and the number of hexagonal cells in each chain alternate between n and n 1...

the sadhana index (sd) is a newly introduced cyclic index. efficient formulae for calculatingthe sd (sadhana) index of linear phenylenes are given and a simple relation is establishedbetween the sd index of phenylenes and of the corresponding hexagonal sequences.

in this paper we present explicit formulas for the eccentric connectivity index of three classesof chain hexagonal cacti. further, it is shown that the extremal chain hexagonal cacti withrespect to the eccentric connectivity index belong to one of the considered types. some openproblems and possible directions of further research are mentioned in the concluding section.

For many years the concept of using hexagonal pixels for image capture has been investigated, and several advantages of such an approach have been highlighted. Recently there has been a renewed interest in the use of hexagonal images: biologically inspired approaches, representation of architectures for such images and general hexagonal image processing. We present multiscale hexagonal gradient...

The development of new polymerizable lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) utilizing charged amphiphilic molecules such as those based on long chain imidazolium compounds, is a relatively new design direction for producing robust membranes with controllable nano-structures. Here we have developed a novel polymerizable ionic liquid based LLC, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium acrylate (C16mimAcr), wher...