The mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has a requirement for a "casing layer" that has specific physical, chemical and microbiological properties which stimulate and promote the initiation of primordia. Some of these primordia then may develop further into sporophores, involving differentiation of tissue. Wild and commercial strains of A. bisporus were cultured in axenic and nonaxenic microcosms, usi...

Previously published work on applied impact damping typically relates to SDOF models or simple MDOF models such as the classical cantilever beam. Structural models often require an extremely large number of DOF with mode shapes that are generally very complex. Dynamics simulation of these typically becomes both complicated and time consuming. The nonlinear behavior of impact dampers further com...

In this work, the wellhead axial movement of a subsea well was predicted with previously presented multi-string model modified to account for possible buckling well’s surface casing. This represented structural casing nonlinear spring that considers casing-soil interaction using t-z curves hysteretic behavior. addition, modeled incorporates deformation when effective force is compressive and ma...

Near-wellbore rock fracture is a key subject in subsurface energy extraction. Casing perforation completion perhaps the most used type of well design mainly comparison to open hole completion. However, effects combined casing-cementing-rock structure on pressure transmission fracturing have not been sufficiently addressed, but understanding some important phenomena hydraulic fracturing, such as...

Steam turbines consist essentially of a casing to which stationary blades are fixed on the inside and a rotor carrying moving blades on the periphery. The rotor is fitted inside the casing with the rows of moving blades penetrating between the rows of fixed blades. Thus steam flowing through the turbine passes alternately through fixed and moving blades with the fixed blades directing the steam...