A majority of electronic bartering transactions is carried out via online platforms. Typically, these platforms require users to disclose sensitive information about their trade capabilities which might restrict their room for negotiation. It is in this context that we propose a novel decentralized and privacy-preserving bartering protocol for multiple parties that offers the same privacy guara...

Answer. There is no single best way to capture the budgetary effects of federal pension plans. As required by law, the Congressional Budget Office estimates the budgetary effects of federal defined benefit pension plans on a cash basis—that is, transactions are recorded when annuity payments are made or revenues are received. Although that method recognizes the cost of outlays when they occur, ...

The year 2009 marked the launch of peer-to-peer electronic cash systems. These systems have proven to be resistant to attack. However, concerns about a potential denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) have prompted artificial limits on the transactions that such a system will process. We will explore the need for these limits. We introduce economic mitigation which may be more intuitive for end ...

In studies involving genuine transactions of potentially high value we show that willingness-to-pay can be increased when customers are instructed to use a credit card rather than cash. The effect may be large (up to 100%) and it appears unlikely that it arises due solely to liquidity constraints. In addition to demonstrating the effect, we provide a methodology for detecting it, and our ®nding...

Extending Ireland’s (1994) model, this paper analyzes an international economy where cash or credit can be used for payment. Foreign trade credit is more costly than its domestic analog. A depreciation of the real exchange rate is associated with an external surplus and a reduced share of imports purchased with credit. Economic growth slows when foreign trade credit becomes the predominant mean...

In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for transactions decreasing area – phenomenon known as paradox banknotes members Overseas workstream Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) have conducted study foreign demand banknotes. The results this are based desk research using data collected and from other organisation...

Purpose: The objective of the paper was to define current attitudes Poles vs. cashless transactions and their perception related risk Covid-19 infection. Design/Methodology/Approach: research method involved a survey, tool survey questionnaire distributed by agency. target-amount selection procedure applied sample structure corresponds Polish population with respect studied features. included 1...

Security is a vital issue in the usage of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) for cash, cashless and many off the counter banking transactions. Weaknesses in the use of ATM machine could not only lead to loss of customer’s data confidentiality and integrity but also breach in the verification of user’s authentication. Several challenges are associated with the use of ATM smart card such as: card clo...