This paper argues that the conventional definition of the elasticity of complementarity is not well suited to deal with the case of increasing returns. It proposes a slightly different formula, that uses a distance function formulation instead of a production function. The proposed definition coincides with the Hicksian measure in case the production function displays constant returns. It is mo...

Population-based surveillance of influenza routinely relies on administrative medical encounter databases and ICD-9 codes. However, an assessment of the ICD-9 codes used for the Department of Defense (DoD) influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition has not been conducted since 2007. As coding practices may have changed over time, this analysis was done to determine the sensitivity, specificit...

this paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. the paper is composed in two main sections. the first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...

Different case definitions of schizophrenia have been used in register based research. However, no previous study has externally validated two different case definitions of schizophrenia against a wide range of risk factors for schizophrenia. We investigated hazard ratios (HRs) for a wide range of risk factors for ICD-10 DCR schizophrenia using a nationwide Danish sample of 2,772,144 residents ...