The effectiveness of biological control agent, Ulocladium atrum (isolates U13 and U16) in protecting Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay against gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, and simulation of the foliar defense responses was investigated. A degraded mycelium structure during cultural assay on potato dextrose agar revealed that U. atrum isolates U13 and U16 were both antagonistic t...

background & aim: echinophora cinerea is a plant of the apiaceae family, which reaches to a height of 30 to 100 cm. the essential oil of echinophora cinerea contains alkaloids and flavonoids etc. phenolic composition is one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. the goal of this study is to examine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of e. cinerea. experi...

At least five of the six genes of the bikaverin secondary metabolic gene cluster were shown to have undergone horizontal transfer (HGT) from a Fusarium donor to the Botrytis lineage. Of these five, two enzyme-encoding genes are found as pseudogenes in B. cinerea whereas two regulatory genes and the transporter remain intact. To reconstruct the evolutionary events leading to decay of this gene c...

The WRKY33 transcription factor was reported for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Using microarray-based analysis, we compared Arabidopsis WRKY33 overexpressing lines and wrky33 mutant that showed altered susceptibility to B. cinerea with their corresponding wild-type plants. In the wild-type, about 1660 genes (7% of the transcriptome) were induced and 1054 genes (5% of t...

A minisatellite was identified in the intron of the ATP synthase of the filamentous fungus Botrytis cinerea, and it was named MSB1. This is the second fungal minisatellite described to date. Its 37-bp repeat unit is AT-rich, and it is found at only one locus in the genome. The introns of 47 isolates of Botrytis species were sequenced. The number of tandem repeats varied only from 5 to 11, but t...

Rhodotorula glutinis as an antagonism show good biocontrol performance against various post-harvest diseases in fruits. In the present study, strong attachment capability of R. glutinis to spores and hyphae of Botrytis cinerea was observed. Further analysis showed that certain protein components on the yeast cell surface played critical role during the interaction between R. glutinis and B. cin...

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to pathogen attacks. Resistance against necrotrophic pathogens generally requires the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, whereas the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway is mainly activated against biotrophic pathogens. SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. Here, we report that the necrotrophic path...

Bacterial volatiles protect plants either by directly inhibiting a pathogenic fungus or by improving the defense capabilities of plants. The effect of bacterial volatiles on fungal growth was dose-dependent. A low dosage did not have a noticeable effect on Botrytis cinerea growth and development, but was sufficient to elicit induced resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Bacterial volatiles displa...

Despite the described central role of jasmonate signaling in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens, the existence of intraspecific variation in pathogen capacity to activate or evade plant jasmonate-mediated defenses is rarely considered. Experimental infection of jasmonate-deficient and jasmonate-insensitive Arabidopsis thaliana with diverse isolates of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen ...