Heteromorpha arborescens belongs to the family Apiaceae. It is commonly known as the parsley tree. One of its uses in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is for the treatment of abdominal pains. The therapeutic effects of the methanolic and aqueous root extracts of H. arborescens were investigated at two dose levels respectively on experimental models of pain and inflammation in rodents. ...

It was suggested that endocannabinoids are metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the spinal cord of rats with kaolin/λ-carrageenan-induced knee inflammation, and that this mechanism contributes to the analgesic effects of COX-2 inhibitors in this experimental model. We report the development of a specific method for the identification of endocannabinoid COX-2 metabolites, its application to ...

BACKGROUND Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae) is a native tree from Caatinga (Brazilian Northeastern savanna biome), popularly known as "araticum" and "pinha da Caatinga". In this study, we investigated the effects of the crude ethanolic extract (Av-EtOH) in models of pain and inflammation in rodents. METHODS The evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by the acetic acid-indu...

Peroxynitrite, a potent cytotoxic oxidant formed by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with the superoxide anion, was recently proposed to play a major pathogenic role in the inflammatory process. Here we have investigated the effects of endogenous melatonin, a known scavenger of peroxynitrite, in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Endogenous melatonin was depleted in rats maintaine...

Objectives: To study the anti-inflammatory activity of Erythrina stricta extract in albino rats. Methods: Leaves of Erythrina stricta (ES) were extracted and subjected to Pharmacological studies. The Extract was screened for anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats using acute carrageenan paw oedema, formalin induced paw oedema and sub acute granuloma pouch model. Results: In acute phase infla...

Animal models of inflammation are used to assess the production inflammatory mediators at sites inflammation, processing pain sensation CNS sites, anti-inflammatory properties agents such as nonsteroidal drugs (NSAIDs), and efficacy putative analgesic compounds in reversing cutaneous hypersensitivity. Detailed this article methods elicit measure carrageenan- complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)–ind...

This study was performed to investigate whether different models of acute joint inflammation showed a neurogenic component and to establish whether this is mediated through sensory afferent or sympathetic efferent nerve fibres. Intra-articular injection of 2% carrageenan, 20 micrograms substance P, 1% formalin, and 2% urate all produced an inflammatory response. Prior surgical denervation of th...

BACKGROUND Although the inhibitory role of the 5-hydroxytrypatmine receptor 7(5-HT7R) on nociceptive processing is generally recognized, an excitatory effect associated with a reduced 5-HT7R expression has also been observed in the nerve injury model. In the carrageenan model, no significant effect is produced by the 5-HT7R activation, but the change in 5-HT7R expression has not been examined. ...

It is now accepted that macrophages play an integral role in chronic inflammatory processes (1, 2). They are always present at sites of chronic inflammation, albeit in widely varying proportions, accompanied by a variety of other cell types. The cellular composition of chronic inflammatory lesions is dependent on the nature of the inciting stimulus. The lesions of many clinically important chro...

A suitable small animal model may help in the screening and evaluation of new drugs, especially those from natural products, which can be administered at lower dosages, fulfilling an urgent worldwide need. In this study, we explore whether zebrafish could be a model organism for carrageenan-induced abdominal edema. The research results showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 1.5% λ...