A compendium of carcinogenesis bioassay results organized by target organ is presented for 533 chemicals that are carcinogenic in at least one species. This compendium is based primarily on experiments in rats or mice; results in hamsters, nonhuman primates, and dogs are also reported. The compendium can be used to identify chemicals that induce tumors at particular sites, and to determine whet...

Carcinogenicity testing is indispensable for identifying environmental carcinogens and for evaluating the safety of drugs in the process of development. Conventional 2-year rodent bioassays are one of the most resource-consuming tests in terms of animals, time, and costs. Development of rapid carcinogenicity testing systems that can assess carcinogenicity within a short period has become a soci...

Lewis et al. (1) state that compared to the fairly large number (> 400) of known rodent carcinogens, only a relatively small number of compounds (-20-30) have been shown to be carcinogenic in humans. From this comparison, the authors seem to infer that animal bioassay cancer findings overpredict for human carcinogens. Of course, for most animal carcinogens there are no available epidemiologic d...

Multiple Mapping Method with Multiple Templates (M4T) (http://www.fiserlab.org/servers/m4t) is a fully automated comparative protein structure modeling server. The novelty of M4T resides in two of its major modules, Multiple Templates (MT) and Multiple Mapping Method (MMM). The MT module of M4T selects and optimally combines the sequences of multiple template structures through an iterative clu...

The disposition of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) was studied in 19 colorectal cancer patients dunrng treatment with FUra and high-dose leucovorin (LV) with or without interferon x2a (IFN-a). All received LV 200 mg mIover 2 h. then FUra 400 mg m-2 over 5 min then FUra 400 mgm ' over 22 h. repeated on day 2. on a 14 day cycle. Nine patients also received IFN-a 6 MU every 48 h, starting at least 2 weeks b...

For each of the 148 toxicants, EPA established a "benchmark" level that the agency considers safe. Eight of the 148 industrial poisons exceed EPA's benchmark safety levels all of the time in all 60,803 census tracts. All eight are carcinogens, that is, they are known to cause cancer: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; benzene; carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; ethylene dibromide; ethylene dichloride;...

In the best articles, generally those dealing with basic Chromosome Puffs research, the combination of depth and accessibility is impressive. One on Hox genes introduces the notion of The Science Times Book of Genetics a conserved body plan among species, illustrating the Edited by Nicholas Wade point with the fauna of Star Trek, and continues with New York: The Lyons Press (1999). 256 pp. an e...

We have applied bioinformatic approaches to identify pathways common to chemical leukemogens and to determine whether leukemogens could be distinguished from non-leukemogenic carcinogens. From all known and probable carcinogens classified by IARC and NTP, we identified 35 carcinogens that were associated with leukemia risk in human studies and 16 non-leukemogenic carcinogens. Using data on gene...

It is well known that the occupational exposure to contaminants and carcinogens leads to the development of cancer in exposed workers. In the 18th century, Percivall Pott was the first to hypothesize that chronic exposure to dust in the London chimney sweeps was associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. Subsequently a growing body of evidence indicated that other physical factors ...