For a long time, writing novels is traditionally regarded as personal and private activities. People record their unique experience and emotions and project it into complicated characters and elaborated stories. However, there are other kinds of novels, called popular novels or internet novels, that are written to satisfy readers’ emotional need and demand. Despite various world settings, many ...

This paper will present an e-procurement model to facilitate online B2B exchanges. Large organizations in Australia and around the world are increasingly implementing e-procurement, which has increased the need for services of intermediaries such as ‘emarkets’ to facilitate the process. However, both being new and unproven require theories and models to support their roles in the online procure...

Traditional economic valuation approaches assume that each individual has a single "true" value for a good or service in her mind that can be retrieved at will. Instead, we contend that an individual’s maximum willingness to pay (WTP) is best viewed as a random variable with an associated distribution. To measure individuals’ valuation distributions, we propose a new contingent valuation (CV) e...

Product & Technology Reviews (PTR) are developed for Northwest electric utilities. EnergyIdeas Clearinghouse engineers review published literature for objective, independent test results. No primary testing was conducted by the reviewer for the preparation of this document. PTR factsheets describe the technology, discuss available data, and suggest additional testing needed to verify energy sav...

The combination effects of light and air temperature, which were expressed as photothermal ratio (PTR), on the growth and sex expression of three monoecious cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. cv. “Xintaimici”, “Jinyan 3” and “Jinyan 4”) were studied with hydroponics in this research. The results showed that with the increase of PTR, different growth responses were observed in the three cucumber cult...

This study quantitatively assesses two alternative explanations for inter-industry wage differentials: worker heterogeneity in the form of unobserved quality and firm heterogeneity in the form of the firm’s willingness to pay (WTP) for workers’productive attributes. We develop an empirical model of labor demand and apply a two-stage nonparametric procedure to recover worker and firm heterogenei...

Seceral contingent caluation studies hace found that the open-ended format yields lower estimates of willingness to pay (WTP) than does the closed-ended, or dichotomous choice, format. In this study, WTP for a public encironmental good was estimated under four conditions: actual payment in response to open-ended and closed-ended requests, and hypothetical payment in response to open-ended and c...

This article presents the results of an experiment designed to test theoretical predictions about the impact of public compensation schemes and ambiguity on insurance and self-insurance decisions. Consistent with theory, we find that government assistance significantly reduces willingness to pay (WTP) for insurance and self-insurance (compared with a free insurance market). As expected, we also...

Monte Carlo evidence has shown that simple, misspeciøed discrete choice models for referendum contingent valuation data can lead to good estimates of mean willingness to pay (WTP). Empirical studies have found that estimates of mean WTP derived from simple parametric models often diœer little from those derived from nonparametric methods. This seems to indicate that simple models can yield WTP ...

This paper describes a new high quality atmospheric chemistry observation station in a very important part of the world where very little data is available. The station is impacted by many types of globally important undersampled sources such as cooking fires, agricultural burning, and dust storms. It is also impacted by more conventionally sampled urban and biogenic sources, but in a new conte...