Various researchers have used coding strategies such word order, case and pronominal marking to predict asymmetries between different object functions and/or information structure roles such as topics and foci. Moreover, some studies have also suggested that there exists a correlation between different grammatical functions and information structure roles. This paper analyzes object marking in ...

Precise regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for normal animal development and for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in adults. The Wnt/Frizzled-mediated signaling includes canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. Upregulation or downregulation of the canonical Wnt-signaling (or the Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction) leads to a variety of human diseas...

In this paper we study the home marking problem for Petri nets, and some related concepts to it like confluence, noetherianity, and state space inclusion. We show that the home marking problem for inhibitor Petri nets is undecidable. We relate then the existence of home markings to confluence and noetherianity and prove that confluent and noetherian Petri nets have an unique home marking. Final...

i.p.s. hypergroups are canonical hypergroups such that$[forall(a,x),a+xni x]Longrightarrow[a+x=x].$i.p.s. hypergroups were investigated in [1], [2], [3], [4] and it was proved thatif the order is less than 9, they are strongly canonical (see [13]). In this paperwe obtain the sequences of fuzzy sets and of join spaces determined (see [8])by all i.p.s. hypergroups of order seven. For the meaning ...

This study investigates for the first time comprehension of rhetorical questions (RhQs) in bilingual children. RhQs are non-canonical questions, as they not used to request information, but express speaker’s belief that answer is already obvious. special pragmatic meaning often arises by means specific prosodic and lexical-syntactic cues. Being childhood learners, children have acquire concept ...

Two strategies of case marking in natural languages are discussed. These are defined as two violable constraints whose effects are shown to converge in the case of differential object marking but diverge in the case of differential subject marking. The strength of the case bearing arguments will be shown to be of utmost importance for case marking as well as voice alternations. The strength of ...

Probabilistic Packet Marking (PPM) is one of the methods on IP traceback. In this method, intermediate router embeds (i.e., marks) the address of itself into the header of the sampled packet. However, because the PPM does not have a mechanism to avoid overrides of marking information, there is a problem that it requires a lot of packets to reconstruct attack route. We previously proposed two ma...

Marking menus have many benefits, including fast selection time, low error rate and fast transition to expert mode, but these are mitigated by a practical limit of 8 items per menu. Adding hierarchical levels increases capacity, but at the expense of longer selection times and higher error rates. In this paper we introduce Extended Marking Menus, a variant of marking menus that increases their ...

InfiniBand System Area Networks using link-level flow control can experience congestion spreading, where one bottleneck link causes traffic to block throughout the network. End-to-end congestion control using Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) packet marking has the potential to solve this problem. In this paper, we develop and evaluate ECN mechanisms for switches with input-buffered config...

landfill is the major method of solid waste disposal in developing countries. to protect soil andgroundwater from contamination, anti-seepage systems have to be installed in landfills. however, during theconstruction of anti-seepage system, many factors can result in holes in geomembrane liners. for the purpose of improving construction quality, the construction company needs to find the leaks ...