political and social isolation of women in pre-islamic period and their blurred role in social and political life was changed with the advent of islam. however, in the era of the caliphs, under the influence of jewish and christian cultural elements and the revival of certain pre-islamic arabian traditions, the page was turned and the situation is well reflected in historical texts and traditio...

in historical sources and studies, among abbasid caliphs, al-amin (april 787 – 24/25 september 813) characterized as a caliph with moral vices. this negative picture emerged from the accounts of muslims historiographical texts, such as al-akhbâr al-tiwâl, in first centuries of islam and the contemporary historical studies about abbasid caliphate, based on that accounts, accept it as his real, h...

ebn al-hanbal in his books including al-mosnad and fazael al-sahabeh and his traditional contents in history and chronology has paid a dignifying, supporting and respectful look at the household of the prophet. although he has been amongst prime movers of traditionalism and salafism, he played a significant role in shattering anti-ali atmosphere of ottoman and that of marvan.  his role and effo...

muslim mystics have turned to political issues relying on both unity and plurality criteria.  they have explained the characteristics of a mystic politician emphasizing the necessity of mysticism for politicians and even the necessity of politics for mystics. taking a social viewpoint, the early sufis, paid a particular attention to this important matter in their speech and behavior, and invite...

when cultures collide, through its major activities that emanate from the translation, they can flourish themselves. intimacy and familiarity of the islamic world with greek medical heritage which happened to be in the golden age of the abbasids in baghdad, led to the enrichment and prosperity of islamic medicine. this sort of familiarity and reproductivity grew among nestorian christians throu...

the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...

gilooyeh clan or rouzbeh family was one of the most famous and effective iranian clans of fars during the first three centuries sassanids who was gradually successful to penetrate in abbasid caliphate and to show their important roles in social- political events, in addition to their periodic battles with aggressive and dominant arabs. gilooyeh himself who was the most famous and prominent memb...