©2005, IS&T—The Society for Imaging Science and Technology pigment particle size distribution, particle shape, binder type, film shrinkage, drying conditions, coating holdout, and coating weight.6 Research groups studying the roughness and its effect on gloss have agreed upon the fact that common roughness numbers are insufficient to predict gloss.9 It sometimes occurs that the rougher surfaces...

C ARBON nanotubes (CNTs) have been the focus of considerable research since Iijima [1] confirmed their structure in 1991. In addition to the exceptional electronic and thermal properties associated with CNTs, they have also been reported to possess exceptional mechanical properties: for example, an extensional modulus of approximately 1 TPa and fracture strength of approximately 130 GPa for mul...

Global recognition of the need to diversify energy storage in accordance with sustainability is driving development beyond Li-ion batteries. However, transition toward a truly sustainable industry necessitates informed cradle-to-cradle cost, performance, and environmental assessments together introduction long-term international legislation concerted action from all stakeholders along battery c...

Web traction over rollers is known to deteriorate due to air entrainment at high web speeds. In this paper, a general model is presented to predict the traction capability of an impermeable web over a smooth roller. The model considers the effects of the web and roller speeds, roller radius, combined roughness of the two surfaces, web tension and thickness, friction coefficient, and compressibl...