Iroko trees ( Milicia excelsa ) in Ivory Coast and Cameroon are unusual because of their highly biomineralized tissues, which can virtually transform the trunk into stone. Oxalic acid (C 2 O 4 H 2 ) and metal-oxalate play important roles in their ecosystems. In this study, the various forms of oxalate and carbonate mineralization reactions are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy ...

We have determined that the organic matrix of calcium oxalate kidney stones contains a glycoprotein inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth (nephrocalcin) that resembles nephrocalcin present in the urine of patients with calcium oxalate stones and differs from nephrocalcin from the urine of normal people. Pulverized calcium oxalate renal stones were extracted with 0.05M EDTA, pH 8.0; nephro...

OBJECTIVE To determine trends in urolith composition in cats. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION 5,230 uroliths. PROCEDURES The laboratory database for the Gerald V. Ling Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory was searched for all urolith submissions from cats from 1985 through 2004. Submission forms were reviewed, and each cat's age, sex, breed, and stone location were record...

PURPOSE Nephrocalcinosis is commonly present in primary hyperparathyroidism, distal renal tubular acidosis and medullary sponge kidney disease. To our knowledge it has not been studied in patients with calcium phosphate stones who do not have systemic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy who had calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones ...

The usual methods for the determination of calcium in serum are lengthy procedures. Calcium may be precipitated as oxalate and the oxalate radical estimated by titration with potassium permanganate (Clark and Collip, 1925). The calcium oxalate may be converted to calcium carbonate which is estimated by titration with acid (Trevan and Bainbridge, 1926). Calcium may also be precipitated as calciu...

Oxalate is a normal constituent of human urine. Since oxalate is found in many foods it has frequently been assumed that urinary oxalate is largely, if not entirely, of dietary origin. However, animal studies have shown that oxalate may arise endogenously, and glycine, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid (3-5) and ascorbic acid (6, 7) have been shown to be precursors of urinary or tissue oxalate unde...

Background & Aim: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .This study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced Nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. Experimental: 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. G...

Most kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium oxalate. Oxalobacter formigenes is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that metabolizes oxalate in the intestinal tract and is present in a large proportion of the normal adult population. It was hypothesized that the absence of O. formigenes could lead to increased colonic absorption of oxalate, and the subsequent increase in urinary oxalat...

1. To assess whether the mineral content of drinking water influences both risk of stone formation and bone metabolism in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, 21 patients were switched from their usual home diets to a 10 mmol calcium, low-oxalate, protein-controlled diet, supplemented with 21 of three different types of mineral water. Drinking water added 1, 6 and 20 mmol of calcium and 0.5, 10 ...

BACKGROUND Urinary oxalate excretion is an important contributor to calcium oxalate stone formation. Methods of reducing oxalate excretion are not wholly satisfactory, and no controlled trials using them have been performed to prevent stone recurrence. Some lactic acid bacteria can degrade oxalate in vitro. This study sought to reduce urinary oxalate excretion in calcium stone formers with idio...