Steelmaking slag is a by-product of steel making. It has been reused as a material for civil engineering, pavement construction etc. For such applications, it is extremely important to evaluate the amount of free lime, which has the chemical form of calcium monoxide (CaO) and can cause the failure of mechanical properties by volume expansion through absorption of water or carbon dioxide gas. So...

Optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify the size distribution and amount of inclusions at various processing steps during basic oxygen furnace (BOF) based steel production at Baosteel. The effects on steel cleanliness of specific operational improvements during steel refining and continuous casting have been investigated. Such improvements t...

The compositions and molecular structures of anhydrous and hydrated cements are established by using advanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods to distinguish among different molecular species and changes that occur as a result of cement hydration and setting. One- and two-dimensional (2D) solid-state (29)Si and (27)Al magic-angle spinning NMR methodologies, incl...

many researchers have reported positive effects of converter sludge and slag, two by-products in isfahan iron melting factory. in this work, the optimum rate of application and the availability of some essential elements (for plant growth) in the converter sludge and slag for corn were investigated. the converter sludge contains about 64% fe іі and ііі oxides and some other essential elements f...

A modified direct contact test was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of four commercially available dental luting agents (RelyX Unicem, Ketac Cem, Ceramir Crown & Bridge and Harvard Cement) and two reference materials (glass-ionomer cement and calcium aluminate cement) compared to a negative-control material (PMMA). Streptococcus mutans bacteria were placed in direct contact with sp...