Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak) declines with age and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults. Identifying biomarkers of low fitness may provide insight for why some individuals experience an accelerated decline of aerobic capacity and may serve as clinically valuable prognostic indicators of cardiovascular health. We investigated the relationship between ...

The determination of the occurrence and level of cocoa shells in cocoa products and chocolate is an important analytical issue. The recent European Union directive on cocoa and chocolate products (2000/36/EC) has not retained the former limit of a maximum amount of 5% of cocoa shells in cocoa nibs (based on fat-free dry matter), previously authorized for the elaboration of cocoa products such a...

Chain elongation and 2-hydroxylation pathways, which are specific for very long chain fatty acids ( >C&), have been found in the yeast, Candida utitis. The chain elongation system acts specifically on fatty acids of chain length C2,, to CZ4; there is no detectable elongation of Cl* and only trace . . . actrvrty with C&,. The product of the elongation enzyme or enzymes is C& when Co, C&, or C24 ...

A single gene encoding a 6-desaturase (FADS2) has been isolated and characterized in mammalian species. This 6-desaturase plays a major role in the biosynthesis of PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids). It catalyses the rate-limiting desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2 n− 6) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n− 3) required for the biosynthesis of long-chain PUFAs. Moreover, recent studies have provide...

In laboratory medicine, our main goal is to improve patient health by providing laboratory results that support medical decisions. To meet this goal, the laboratory needs to report accurate results that enhance care and minimize patient risk. Analytical goal setting helps the laboratory assure that when their measurement procedures are operating in their stable, in-control state, the patient re...

Glycoinositol-phospholipids (GIPLs) are the major glycolipid class and prominant surface antigens of leishmanial parasites. The GIPLs from four serologically distinct Old World strains of Leishmania were characterized to determine inter- and intra-specific differences in these glycolipids. These studies showed that: (1) the major GIPLs of Leishmania topica (LRC-L36) and Leishmania aethiopica (L...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine when administered as a fixed-dose combination tablet containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine plus rilpivirine (TDF/FTC/RPV) in HIV-1-infected Ugandan patients. METHODS This was an open-label, three-period, longitudinal pharmacokinetic study with patients serving as their own contro...

CYP24A1 is a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP) that catabolizes 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) to different products: calcitroic acid or 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-26,23-lactone via multistep pathways commencing with C24 and C23 hydroxylation, respectively. Despite the ability of CYP24A1 to catabolize a wide range of 25-hydroxylated analogs including 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), the enzyme...

This paper derives consistent standard errors for a panel Tobit model in the presence of correlated errors. The problem is framed in the context of Newey and West (1987), considering the Tobit model as a special case of a GMM estimator. JEL codes: C23, C24

The C24-C40 fragment of (-)-pulvomycin was prepared in enantiomerically pure form using a concise synthesis method (15 linear steps from D-fucose, 6.8% overall yield) featuring a diastereoselective addition to an aldehyde, a β-selective glycosylation and a Stille cross-coupling as the key steps.