Two hundred and fifty day-old broiler chickens were housed in a high altitude farm and divided in two experimental groups (cold-exposed and control). At the age of 3 and 4 d, the cold-exposed chickens were exposed to 15?C for 3 h, while the control birds were reared under normal condition. During the period between 14 and 28 days, both groups of chickens were exposed to a low environmental temp...

A study was conducted to determine if prior exposure with bacteriophage would limit the ability of the same bacteriophage to treat colibacillosis. There were 5 treatments with 3 replicate pens of 20 birds per pen. The treatments consisted of 1) control, 2) birds treated with bacteriophage at 10 and 17 d of age, 3) birds challenged with Escherichia coli at 17 d of age, 4) birds challenged with E...

to study the anticoccidial and antioxidant effects of garlic powder (gp) and total sulfur amino acid (tsaa) on growth performance, faecal oocyst output, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant status markers in broiler chickens, a 2 × 2 × 2 splitplot-factorial arrangement of treatments was used. a total of 480-day-old male broiler chickens were equally assigned to two plots. two hundred for...

Necrotic enteritis is an enteric disease of avian species caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens. The disease is regularly controlled in the broiler chicken industry with antimicrobials in feed but is reemerging in areas such as Europe where there is a ban on antimicrobials as growth promoters. To study prospective therapies, researchers must be able to reproduce this disease...

For r = 7, 8 we prove that if χ(G) = r, then cr(G) ≥ cr(Kr). The case r = 5 of the Weak Hajós Conjecture is equivalent to the Four Color Theorem, and the case r = 6 follows from a theorem of Oporowski and Zhao. We present partial results when r = 9.

This paper presents an experiment with human subjects concerning the vague spatial relation ‘near’ in environmental space. After the topic is introduced and relevant previous work surveyed, the experiment is described. Three approaches to experimental analysis are presented and discussed: nearness neighbourhoods as regions with broad boundaries, fuzzy nearness and distance measures, and four-va...

Using the notion of Levi form of a smooth distribution, we discuss the local and the global problem of existence of one horizontal section of a smooth vector bundle endowed with a horizontal distribution. The analysis will lead to the formulation of a “one-leaf” analogue of the classical Frobenius integrability theorem in elementary differential geometry. Several applications of the result will...

We present a statement about Lie algebras that is equivalent to the Four Color Theorem.

Nearness (a fuzzy nearness) is a fuzzy relation that can be used to model various grades of “being close” in a linear space. We study the uniform convergence of a sequence of functions with values in a space equipped with a nearness relation. The uniform convergence for the mappings into a space with a fuzzy nearness is defined and it is shown that a theorem similar to Moore-Osgood theorem for ...

We look at the proofs of two fundamental theorems in Ramsey theory, Van der Waerden’s Theorem and the Hales-Jewett Theorem. In addition, we study bounds on Van der Waerden numbers.