Mobile devices can be protected by a variety of information flow control systems. These systems can prevent Trojans from leaking secrets over network connections. As mobile devices become more secure, attackers will begin to use unconventional methods for exfiltrating data. We propose two sound-based covert channels, ultrasonic and isolated sound. Speakers on mobile devices can produce frequenc...

AIMS In this study, we investigated and compared the electrophysiological and molecular properties of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels between human internal mammary arteries (IMA) and radial arteries (RA). METHODS AND RESULTS IMA and RA sections were obtained from 79 patients (including 9 females) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We examined the effec...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether calcium-permeable channels are targets for the oxidized phospholipids: 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-phosphatidylcholine (PGPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oxovaleroyl-phosphatidylcholine (POVPC). METHODS AND RESULTS Oxidized phospholipids are key factors in inflammation and associated diseases, including atherosclerosis; however, the initial reception mechanisms for cellular r...

OBJECTIVE Previous work has found cerebral oxygen extraction to decrease during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in children. To elucidate cardiopulmonary bypass factors controlling cerebral oxygen extraction, we examined the effect of perfusate temperature, pump flow rate, and hematocrit value on cerebral hemoglobin-oxygen saturation as measured by near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS Forty...

Abstract The traditional perception is that foreign aid provides leaders in recipient states access to nontax revenue, which incumbents may be able manipulate order provide public or private goods as required maintain office. Recognizing this possibility, donors have been shifting away from direct government-to-government and toward bypass aid, administered by NGOs civil society groups rather t...

Opening of potassium channels can cause hyperpolarization and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the contribution of potassium channel activation to vasorelaxation in internal thoracic artery taken from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Relaxations to carbachol and sodium nitroprusside were studied in isolated rings of int...

THE EXISTENCE of anastomoses between coronary arteries or between their branches in normal hearts has been a controversial subject for many years.' Fulton2 summarized this controversy in a recent review. As long ago as 1881, Cohnheim and his co-worker3 took the position that coronary arteries are true end arteries without intercommunication. The work of Zoll and his collaborators4 has been wide...

THE EXISTENCE of anastomoses between coronary arteries or between their branches in normal hearts has been a controversial subject for many years.' Fulton2 summarized this controversy in a recent review. As long ago as 1881, Cohnheim and his co-worker3 took the position that coronary arteries are true end arteries without intercommunication. The work of Zoll and his collaborators4 has been wide...

Water invasion is a common occurrence in multilayer unconsolidated gas reservoirs, which results excessive water production and reduces the economic life of wells. However, due to multiple layers, active edge water, strong heterogeneity, mechanism its effect sandstone reservoir require understanding order improve efficiency minimize cost. In this study, an experimental study on commingled reser...