The base-induced Sommelet–Hauser (S–H) rearrangement of various types N -(pyridinylmethyl) tetraalkylammonium salts 2 to produce , -dialkyl-?-pyridinylamino acid esters 4 was investigated. For example, a treatment -(2-pyridinylmethyl) glycine tert -butyl ester-derived salt 2a with 1.2 equivalents potassium -butoxide in THF at ?40 °C gave the corresponding S–H product, 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(2-met...

An exhaustive migration study of eight corks, made ethylene–vinyl acetate, was carried out to identify any non-volatile and volatile compounds using an untargeted approach. The challenge associated with the structural elucidation unknowns undertaken both ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled ion-mobility separation quadrupole-time flight mass spectrometer gas spectrometry. A tota...

Reduced downstream costs, together with high purity recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), will accelerate the commercialization of high quality PHA-based products. In this work, a process was designed for effective recovery of the copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)) containing high levels of HHx (>15 mol%) from Ralstonia eutropha biomass using non-halogenated so...

New classes of acidic or basic ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining special attention, since the efficiency of many processes can be enhanced by the judicious manipulation of these properties. The absorption of sour gases can be enhanced by the basic character of the IL. The fluorination of the cation or the anion can also contribute to enhance the gas solubility. In this work these two characterist...

Thiol and selenol esters were synthesized by a direct oxidative coupling reaction of aldehydes with disulfides or diselenides in ethyl acetate under metal-free conditions. Among the oxidants examined, tert-butyl peroxide (TBP) was shown to give the best results. For the substrates with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, the reaction proceeded smoothly and gave moderat...

The crystal and molecular structure of tert-butyl 4-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxoethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate is reported. The title compound crystallizes from a petroleum ether/ethyl acetate mixture in the monoclinic space group P 21/c with four molecules in the unit cell. The unit cell parameters are: a = 8.4007(2) Å, b = 16.4716(4) Å, c = 12.4876(3) Å; β = 90.948(1)° and V = 1727.71(7) Å. Bond leng...

The effects of thiol-specific reagents on the amplitude of the electro-olfactogram (E.O.G.) responses elicited from frog olfactory mucosa by pulses of odorant vapours was studied. The impermeant thiol-specific reagent mersalyl [(3-{[2-(carboxymethoxy)-benzoyl]amino}-2-methoxypropyl)hydroxymercury monosodium salt] brings about a rapid decrease in the E.O.G. signal obtained with the odorant penty...

Thirty-seven basidiomycetous yeasts belonging to 30 species of seven genera were grown on media containing l-cysteine or l-methionine as sole nitrogen sources with the objective of evaluating volatile organic sulfur compound (VOSC) production. The headspace of yeast cultures was analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling method, and volatile compounds were quantified and identi...

With the aim of profitable conversion carbon dioxide (CO2) in an efficient, economical, and sustainable manner, we developed a CuBr/ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) catalytic system that could efficiently catalyze three-component reactions propargylic alcohols, 2-aminoethanols, CO2 to produce 2-oxazolidinones ?-hydroxy ketones. Remarkably, this employed lower metal loading (0....