tolerance with the people with other beliefs is one of the ethical issues that are focused on in enlightenment europe. since lessing is known as a scout enlightenment in german literature so this article studies the concept of tolerance by him in the dramas minna von barnhelm and the jews. for this purpose, first the history of enlightenment europe from the beginning up to lessingʼs time that i...

In celebrating the 30th anniversary of primary health care (PHC) and the declaration of Alma Ata in 1978, it is useful to remind ourselves that PHC was identified as the means or strategy to achieve health for all. In other words PHC was considered a comprehensive health developmental approach. Such an approach includes several features and each word in the phrase “primary health care approach”...

BACKGROUND Due to the multifaceted aspect of child malnutrition, a comprehensive approach, taking social factors into account, has been frequently recommended in health literature. The Alma-Ata declaration explicitly outlined comprehensive primary health care as an approach that addresses the social, economic and political causes of poor health and nutrition. Iran as a signatory country to the ...

highly motivated to contribute to the welfare of the poor through a community-oriented approach, the main focus in the early years of family medicine was on the relationship of the physician with the individual patient and his/her family. It was mainly public health programmes that looked at the broader societal context and tried to act at that level. The World Health Organization (WHO) Alma-At...

Access to basic health services was affirmed as a fundamental human right in the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978. The model formally adopted for providing healthcare services was "primary health care" (PHC), which involved universal, community-based preventive and curative services, with substantial community involvement. PHC did not achieve its goals for several reasons, including the refusal ...

BACKGROUND Through the nearly three decades that have passed since the Alma Ata conference on Primary Health Care, a wide range of global health initiatives and ideas have been advocated to improve the health of people living in developing countries. The issues raised in the Primary Health Care concept, the Structural Adjustment Programmes and the Health Sector Reforms have all influenced healt...