1. We had two objectives: (i) to determine the generality of, and extend the applicability of, a previously reported empirical relationship between leaf-level net photosynthetic rate ( A M , nmol g − 1 s − 1 ), specific leaf area (SLA, m 2 kg − 1 ) and leaf nitrogen mass fraction ( N M , mmol g − 1 ); and (ii) to compare these empirical results with a mechanistic model of photosynthesis in orde...

Plant leaves are studied by the analysis of the magnitude and phase spectra of their thickness mechanical resonances. These resonances appear at ultrasonic frequencies and have been excited and sensed using air-coupled ultrasounds. In spite of the complex leaf microstructure, the effective medium approach can be applied to solve the inverse problem, at least in the vicinity of the first thickne...

We performed numerical simulations on an extremely fast, mediated, electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalytic reaction using a microband electrode. The simulations under fast-enzyme-kinetics conditions predicted that the decrement of the current density by increaseing the microband thickness would effectively improve the upper limit of detection. These predictions were accurate for an ultrathin...

In C(4) plants, acclimation to growth at low irradiance by means of anatomical and biochemical changes to leaf tissue is considered to be limited by the need for a close interaction and coordination between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. Here differences in relative growth rate (RGR), gas exchange, carbon isotope discrimination, photosynthetic enzyme activity, and leaf anatomy in the C(4) d...

background: scuba divers work in high pressure conditions which may cause some changes in physiological status to adapt to this situation. in this study, the carotid intima-media thickness (cimt) was assessed in divers as a risk factor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders. methods: this historical cohort study was performed on 16 male professional scuba divers as case group and 30 he...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to have many unique physical and chemical properties. Because of these features, they accelerate the germination process, root growth, and photosynthesis rate that can result in increased crop productivity. In the present study, the effects of 4 multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) levels including 0 (control), 50 (low concentration), 100 (moderate concentrat...

Herbaceous plants rely on a combination of turgor, ground tissues and geometry for mechanical support of leaves and stems. Unlike most angiosperms however, ferns employ a sub-dermal layer of fibers, known as a hypodermal sterome, for support of their leaves. The sterome is nearly ubiquitous in ferns, but nothing is known about its role in leaf biomechanics. The goal of this research was to char...

We further refine the bounds on the path length of binary trees of a given size by considering not only the size of a binary tree, but also its height and fringe thickness (the difference between the length of a shortest root-to-leaf path and the height). We characterize the maximum path length binary trees of a given height, size, and fringe thickness. Using this characterization, we give an a...