Responding to budget shortages, many developing nations around the world have adopted formal or informal systems of user fees for health care in public hospitals and health centers. In most countries user fee proceeds represent a small share of total public health facility recurrent costs, but they tend to account for a significant proportion of the resources required to pay for non-personnel c...

A global ‘associational revolution’ appears to be underway in many parts of the world and the rise of private voluntary organizations is beginning to have significant impacts on many nations’ democratic governance (Salamon, 1993; Kim, 2003). The rise of third sector organizations (TSOs) or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the decline of nationstates are changing not only the way societ...

Current methods for off-road navigation using vehicle and terrain models to predict future vehicle response are limited by the accuracy of the models they use and can suffer if the world is unknown or if conditions change and the models become inaccurate. In this paper, an adaptive approach is presented that closes the loop around the vehicle predictions. This approach is applied to an autonomo...

globalisation has given birth to medical tourism. health and medical tourism are the fastest growing seg­ments in not only developed nations but in developing countries too. india has become a hot des­tina­tion, as the indian medical standards match up to the highly prescribed international standards at a very low cost. however, it is an unmixed blessing; along with advantages, it has many unin...

Most rich nations maintain very tight restrictions on immigration despite widespread opening of trade and international capital flows since World War II. This paper uses a two-region, one-sector, dynastic growth model with a continuum of skills to assess the welfare effects and poverty implications of these barriers. Similar to other global studies of migration, I find that rich nation migratio...

IDARS is an acronym for the International Drug Abuse Research Society. Apart from our scientific and educational purposes, we communicate information to the general and scientific community about substance abuse and addiction science and treatment potential. Members of IDARS are research scientists and clinicians from around the world, with scheduled meetings across the globe. IDARS is developi...

the united nations has a multiplex criminal policy to fight against genocide, judicial criminal policy being one of the aspects of this policy. rationally, justice requires that the guilty of genocidal acts be punished, the means of redress be provided for victims of such crimes and finally, the international peace and security be established. un judicial criminal policy regarding genocide is r...