A three-dimensional (3D)-printed customized bolus (3D bolus) can be used for radiotherapy application to irregular surfaces. However, bolus fabrication based on computed tomography (CT) scans is complicated and also delivers unwanted irradiation. Consequently, we fabricated a bolus using a 3D scanner and evaluated its efficacy. The head of an Alderson Rando phantom was scanned with a 3D scanner...

An urban watershed in Xiamen was selected to perform the parameter uncertainty analysis for urban stormwater runoff modeling in terms of identification and sensitivity analysis based on storm water management model (SWMM) using Monte-Carlo sampling and regionalized sensitivity analysis (RSA) algorithm. Results show that Dstore-Imperv, Dstore-Perv and Curve Number (CN) are the identifiable param...

Solvent ordering at an interface can be studied by multiple-quantum NMR. Quantitative studies of (2)H2O ordering require clean double-quantum (2Q) filtration and an analysis of 2Q buildup curves that accounts for relaxation and, if randomly oriented samples are used, the distribution of residual couplings. A pulse sequence with absorption mode detection is extended for separating coherences by ...

The effects of electron-beam prebunching on the radiation buildup process in a free-electron maser oscillator operating in the frequency range of 4–5 GHz were studied. An electron beam of 10 keV, 1 A was prebunched by means of a microwave tube section, accelerated to 70 keV, transported through a drift region by a solenoidal magnetic field and injected into a linearly polarized wiggler in which...

We report on the simultaneous observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking and long-range spatial coherence both in the strong- and the weak-coupling regime in a semiconductor microcavity. Under pulsed excitation, the formation of a stochastic order parameter is observed in polariton and photon lasing regimes. Single-shot measurements of the Stokes vector of the emission exhibit the buildup of ...

Proactive interference (PI) has long been recognized as a major cause of forgetting. We conducted two experiments that offer another look at the subject by providing a detailed analysis of recall latency distributions during the buildup of and release from PI. These functions were accurately characterized by the convolution of the normal and exponential distributions (viz., the ex-Gaussian), wh...

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The effective atomic number and effective electron density in amino acids are of significant interest due to their use in various applications. The energy absorption buildup factors, exposure buildup factors, effective atomic numbers, and electron densities of essential amino acids such as Leucine (C6H13NO2), Lysine (C6H14N2O2), Methionine (C5H11NO2S), Phenylalanine (C9H11NO2), Threonine (C4H9N...

An attempt is made to generate effective atomic number, exposure buildup factor (EBF) in the energy region 0.015-15.0 MeV up to a penetration depth of 40 mfp for some soils. The five parameters geometrical progression (G-P) fitting approximation has been used to calculate exposure build-up factor (EBF). The generated exposure buildup factors has been studied as function of incident photon energ...