Graphene was discovered in 2004 and has since sparked much interest in the field of condensed matter physics. Graphene is an atomically thin sheet of carbon arranged in a two dimensional honeycomb crystal. The MerminWagner Theorem predicts that a perfect crystal can not exist in two dimensional space, so it was surprising when graphene was first observed[1]. The existence of graphene has since ...

The special nature of the C C bond can lead to various polymorphic forms of carbon such as graphite, glassy-carbon, fullerenes (such as buckyballs), carbon nanotubes, and diamond. Electrodes made from carbon exhibit many useful properties including wide potential windows, low background capacitance, resistance to fouling, and catalytic activity for manyanalytes compared to solidmetal electrodes...

In a world where the scale of technology is continuously shrinking, from phones to cars to solar panels, nanotechnology is seeing a rise in applications. Recently, increased use of nanotechnology in the medical industry brought fullerenes, sometimes referred to as Buckyballs, to the forefront. Fullerenes are currently being developed by engineers to encapsulate a chemotherapeutic drug and deliv...

Drug delivered can have significant effect on its efficacy. Some drugs have an optimum concentration range with in which maximum benefit is derived and concentrations above (or) below the range can be toxic or produce no therapeutic effect. Various drug delivery and drug targeting systems are currently under development. The main goal for developing such delivery systems is to minimize drug deg...

G a single, one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, is the twodimensional building block for carbon materials of every other dimensionality. It can be stacked into 3D graphite, rolled into 1D nanotubes, or wrapped into 0D buckyballs. But for decades scientists presumed that a single 2D graphene sheet could not exist in its free state; they reasoned that its planar ...

In late August, behind closed doors at the austere National Academy of Sciences in Washington D.C., Samuel Stupp, a materials scientist and director of the Institute for BioNanotech-nology in Medicine at Northwestern University, showed a video clip for a committee evaluating the United States' billion-dollar-a-year National Nanotechnology Program. " Everyone was so quiet watching this movie. It...

Carbon is truly an extraordinary material with physical structures spanning threedimensional (3D) graphite, two-dimensional (2D) grapheme and zero-dimensional (0D) buckyballs or buckminster fullerine spheres. It is not surprising that the structural characteristics of carbon thus yield band diagrams displaying a diverse array of physical properties. When a 2D graphene sheet is rolled into a cyl...

C arbon used to be so plain, so ordinary, so common. In its two atomic forms based on chemical bonding, graphite (sp 2) and diamond (sp 3), it certainly has its charms, but it was largely ignored in its unalloyed states for high-tech applications until the discovery of stable, nanoscale structures starting with buckyballs (C 60) in 1985. However, how to cheaply mass produce C 60 , also known as...

G raphene, a single, one-atom-thick sheet of carhon atoms arranged in a honeycomh lattice, is the twodimensional building block for carbon materials of every other dimensionality. It can be stacked into 3D graphite, rolled into ID nanotubes, or wrapped into OD buckyballs. But for decades scientists presumed that a single 2D graphene sheet could not exist in its free state; they reasoned that it...

This section presents brief description of peculiarities of carbon materials and advantages of noise spectsroscopy for the study of unique carbon nanotubes (CNT) materials and devices. In general, carbon is truly an extraordinary material with physical structures spanning three dimensional (3D) graphite, two-dimensional (2D) graphene and zero-dimensional (0D) buckyballs or buckminster fullerine...