Respiration in fishes involves buccal pumping, which is characterized by the generation of nearly continuous water flow over the gills because of the rhythmic expansion/compression of the pharyngeal cavity. This mechanism is achieved by the functions of the vascular, skeletal, and muscular systems. However, the process by which the embryo establishes the mechanism remains a mystery. Morphologic...

Rhythmic ingestive behaviour in the predatory marine snail Pleurobranchaea is characterized by cycles of protraction and retraction of the buccal mass, during which food material is taken into the buccal cavity and swallowed (Davis & Mpitsos, 1971). Fictive feeding is demonstrable in the isolated nervous system; the rhythmic motor programme appropriate to feeding behaviour can occur spontaneous...

Lead (Pb), a toxic contaminant metal used in many important industrial processes, is widely used in batteries, paint vanishes, in pipe covering and in welding. The exposure showed a high risk of human health and development of several types of cancers. A total of 64 male workers in Hyderabad battery unit in Mahaboobnagar District, Andhra Pradesh were investigated for genetic damage in buccal ce...

The morphology, infraciliature, and silverline system of a new marine scuticociliate, Dexiotrichides pangi n. sp. were investigated. The new species is characterized by: size about 45-65 x 20-25 microm in vivo with kidney-like body shape and obliquely truncated semicircle-shaped apical plate; cytostome at bottom of conspicuously depressed oral cavity, which is located at the cell equatorial lev...

Buccal tablets of ritodrine (RD) hydrochloride (HCl), called RD-HCl, were prepared using the direct compression method with alginate (AL), lactose (LC), magnesium stearate (ST), and microcrystalline cellulose (MC) as excipients. The tablets were evaluated based on hardness, and tablets weighing 80 mg and with hardness of greater than 30 N were chosen as appropriate ones. As a result, tablets co...

RATIONALE Kimura disease is a rare benign, chronic inflammatory disorder that typically presents with slowly enlarging, nontender, subcutaneous swellings in the head and neck region. The occurrence of Kimura disease in the oral cavity is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS A 16-year-old boy presented with a complaint of a right painless buccal mass of 3 years' duration. DIAGNOSIS The patient h...

Conventional surgical approach for cyst enucleation is removal of buccal compact bone plate, which often results in remarkable bone loss and subsequent mucosal recession. This report presents one case of residual mandibular cyst enucleation and one case of apicoectomized mandibular molar, both treated with the bony lid approach. A window of buccal compact bone was precisely created using an ele...

Oral films, a promising novel drug delivery system, are a strip of single or multilayered, mucoadhesive or non-mucoadhesive, thin polymeric films that are intended to deliver active therapeutic moieties either locally or systemically in oral cavity through sublingual, buccal, palatal, or gastrointestinal absorption [1-3]. In general, films are known by several names including but not limited to...

Little is known about the diversity and systematics of nematodes in hadal trenches (>6000 m depth). The analysis of core samples recently obtained from Tonga (10810 m) and Kermadec Trenches (8081 m) reveals the presence of a diverse nematode community in these extreme environments, and provides the deepest record for the phylum. Here, one new genus and five new species of the family Xyalidae...