Primary care physicians are often asked about easy bruising, excessive bleeding, or risk of bleeding before surgery. A thorough history, including a family history, will guide the appropriate work-up, and a physical examination may provide clues to diagnosis. A standardized bleeding score system can help physicians to organize the patient's bleeding history and to avoid overlooking the most com...

Easy bruising presents several investigative dilemmas in primary and secondary practice, not least because it raises the spectre of physical abuse. When, and to what extent, should general paediatricians investigate before referral to a specialist? When can it be safely concluded that an underlying bleeding disorder has been excluded, so that further investigations can focus on ruling out suspe...

linear implement and in children would be considered suggestive of maltreatment [1]. In this case it is hypothesised that the linearity was caused by compression of the skin against the tarmac by the ribs from within, rather than by compression by a rod from without. It is likely that such a mechanism requires a body mass substantially greater than the average child’s, so although this case dem...

Lipedema is a chronic disease seen frequently in women that causes abnormal fat deposition the lower limbs and associated bruising pain. Despite increasing knowledge concerning lipedema, there are still aspects of diagnosis need further investigation. We performed prospective, observational cohort study to describe prevalence clinical characteristics present patients with lipedema an attempt es...

Mechanical damage is a threat to both food security and sustainability. Bruising the most common type of mechanical damage, it causes huge economic loss due rejection fresh produce downgrading appearance quality by consumers. Therefore, this study aims examine effect bruising during postharvest handling using pendulum test technique. Pomegranate fruit were bruised once at two impact levels (1.1...

BACKGROUND Reducing patients' pain is one of the main goals of providing clinical services, which requires nursing skill. As a simple technique, increasing the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection may affect the intensity of pain and bruising. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing the heparin injection time on pain intensity and bruising associated with ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate in a randomised blind study the effect on puncture site lesions of two different incision devices used to obtain blood samples from preterm infants by repeated heel sticks. SETTING The neonatal intensive care unit at the Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital. PATIENTS A total of 100 preterm infants (birth weight bel...